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Related Concept Videos

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Correction: Adeluola et al. Chemoprevention of 4-NQO-Induced Oral Cancer by the Combination of Resveratrol and EGCG: In Vivo, In Silico and In Vitro Studies. <i>Cancers</i> 2026, <i>18</i>, 1098.

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Correction: Peñalver et al. Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Follow-Up of Patients with Follicular Lymphoma-Spanish Lymphoma Group (GELTAMO) 2026. <i>Cancers</i> 2026, <i>18</i>, 395.

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Correction: Accorsi Buttini et al. Development of a Simplified Geriatric Score-4 (SGS-4) to Predict Outcomes After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients Aged over 50. <i>Cancers</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 3278.

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Author Spotlight: Robust Culture of Human Enteric Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Enteric bacteria and cancer stem cells.

Jun Sun1

  • 1Gastroenterology & Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; jun_sun@urmc.rochester.edu ; Tel.: +10-585-276-3798;

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intestinal bacteria influence cancer stem cell renewal by activating the Wnt pathway. Understanding these host-bacterial interactions offers insights into cancer development and self-renewal signals.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The human gut harbors trillions of microbes, complicating the identification of specific disease-causing agents.
  • Gut bacteria and their components can influence host cell proliferation and cancer development, especially during chronic infections.
  • Cancer stem cell (CSC) stemness is regulated by the microenvironment, notably through Wnt pathway activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding intestinal stem cells, CSCs, and bacterial mechanisms in Wnt pathway activation.
  • To explore the roles of JAK-STAT, JNK, and Notch pathways in bacterial infection-induced stem cell niche regulation.
  • To provide insights into host-bacterial interactions in inflammation and cancer, focusing on self-renewal signals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on intestinal stem cells, CSCs, and enteric bacteria.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving bacterial components and host cell signaling pathways.
  • Inclusion of findings from Drosophila models studying stem cell niches during bacterial infections.

Main Results:

  • Enteric bacteria can activate the Wnt pathway, contributing to colon cancer stem cell stemness.
  • Pathways such as JAK-STAT, JNK, and Notch are implicated in regulating stem cell niches during bacterial infections.
  • Host-bacterial interactions during inflammation and cancer provide a framework for understanding cellular self-renewal.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal bacteria play a significant role in cancer stem cell regulation via pathways like Wnt.
  • Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies against infections and cancers.
  • The study of host-microbe dynamics offers a paradigm for deciphering fundamental biological processes like stem cell self-renewal.