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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
Published on: September 20, 2020
Errorless learning and working memory: the impact of errors, distractors, and memory span load on immediate recall in
Jan E Nordvik1, Anne-Kristine Schanke, Nils I Landro
1Centre for the Study of Human Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. j.e.nordvik@psykologi.uio.no
Abstract:
Errorless learning represents an important contribution to current neuropsychological rehabilitation. Previous research has mainly explained the benefits of errorless learning through properties of long-term memory. This study aims to explore how errors affect immediate recall performance. A new, supplementary perspective focusing on the role of working memory in errorless learning is introduced. Sixty university students participated in a within-subject design experiment measuring the effect of errors, memory span load, and attentional distractors on a digit recall task. Errors were found to have significant negative impact on immediate recall, while distractors had an effect only in interaction with errors.
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