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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body01:31

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are required in minimal quantities, but their deficiencies can lead to severely abnormal physiological conditions. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin, delayed...
Cofactors and Coenzymes01:24

Cofactors and Coenzymes

Enzymes are proteins made of amino acids. The functional group of each constituent amino acid catalyzes a wide variety of chemical reactions via ionic interactions or acid-base reactions. However, amino acids cannot catalyze oxidation-reduction and group transfer reactions and need to be aided by non-protein components called cofactors. Cofactors are also referred to as the chemical teeth of an enzyme.
Cofactors can be metallic ions or organic molecules called coenzymes. These types of helper...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
11:56

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

Published on: April 11, 2014

[Vitamins E, A and C as antioxidatives].

Maciej Rutkowski1, Tomasz Matuszewski, Józef Kedziora

  • 1Physiotherapy Division, Department of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego
|February 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Vitamins A, C, and E are crucial antioxidants that protect the body from oxidative stress. This study profiles their occurrence and action in combating free radicals.

More Related Videos

Generation of Self-assembled Vascularized Human Skin Equivalents
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Generation of Self-assembled Vascularized Human Skin Equivalents

Published on: February 12, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
11:56

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

Published on: April 11, 2014

Generation of Self-assembled Vascularized Human Skin Equivalents
09:04

Generation of Self-assembled Vascularized Human Skin Equivalents

Published on: February 12, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Free Radical Biology

Context:

  • Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant neutralization.
  • Vitamins A, C, and E, along with carotenoids, play a vital role in the body's defense system.
  • The antioxidative system relies on various chemical compounds, with vitamins being key components.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the occurrence and antioxidative properties of vitamins A, C, and E.
  • To understand the specific contributions of these vitamins to the body's antioxidant defense.

Summary:

  • Recent findings highlight the significant role of vitamins A, C, E, and carotenoids beyond preventing deficiencies.
  • These vitamins are integral to protecting the human body against oxidative stress.
  • The study focuses on characterizing the presence and antioxidant mechanisms of vitamins A, C, and E.

Impact:

  • Provides insights into the biochemical mechanisms underlying vitamin-mediated protection against oxidative damage.
  • Highlights the importance of dietary intake of vitamins A, C, and E for maintaining cellular health.
  • Contributes to understanding the complex interplay within the body's antioxidative system.