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The interrelationship between crypsis and colour polymorphism.

Daniel W Franks1, Geoff S Oxford

  • 1Department of Biology, York Centre for Complex Systems Analysis, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK. daniel.franks@york.ac.uk

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex backgrounds can support more cryptic morphs, especially with apostatic selection. However, dietary wariness creates a V-shaped pattern, maintaining fewer morphs at intermediate complexity.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Ecological Genetics

Background:

  • Visible polymorphisms present a challenge to evolutionary theory.
  • Cryptic forms may be facilitated by complex backgrounds, allowing for varied resemblance to resting surfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolution of cryptic morphs on complex backgrounds.
  • To investigate the influence of crypsis, apostatic predation, and dietary wariness on polymorphism.

Main Methods:

  • Computer simulations were used to model the evolution of cryptic morphs.
  • Simulations incorporated varying background complexity and different selection regimes.

Main Results:

  • The number of evolving morphs increased monotonically with potential cryptic morphs under crypsis and apostatic selection.
  • Dietary wariness resulted in a V-shaped relationship, minimizing morphs at intermediate complexity.
  • These patterns were robust to variations in selection strength and implementation.

Conclusions:

  • Background complexity is a key factor in maintaining cryptic polymorphism.
  • The interplay between different selection pressures, like apostatic predation and dietary wariness, can lead to complex and counter-intuitive evolutionary outcomes.