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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Pulmonary Circulation01:19

Overview of Pulmonary Circulation

The pulmonary circulation is a vital system in our body that acts as a bridge between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. It serves as a transport network for deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and then returns oxygen-rich blood back to the heart.
The process begins with the right ventricle of the heart pumping deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk. This large vessel extends about 5 centimeters before splitting into the left and right pulmonary arteries. These arteries...
Overview of Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation01:15

Overview of Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

The systemic and pulmonary circuits are crucial components of the circulatory system, working together to transport blood between the heart, lungs, and the rest of the body. The process begins with pulmonary circulation, where deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk and arteries. Upon reaching the lungs, the blood becomes oxygenated and returns to the heart, specifically to the left atrium, via the pulmonary veins.
The oxygenated blood is sent...
Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...

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Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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[Pulmonary circulation: what has 2010 brought?].

Teresa Gómez García1, Javier de Miguel Díez, Adolfo Baloira Villar

  • 1Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España.

Archivos De Bronconeumologia
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Advances in 2010 improved understanding of thromboembolic disease and pulmonary hypertension risk factors and diagnostics. New guidelines and emerging drug evidence offer better patient management strategies for these conditions.

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Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
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Published on: November 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Vascular Medicine

Context:

  • 2010 saw significant publications in thromboembolic disease and pulmonary hypertension.
  • Risk factors like long journeys and genetic polymorphisms for thromboembolic disease were elucidated.
  • Diagnostic approaches evolved with increased use of computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose:

  • To review key publications and guideline updates in thromboembolic disease and pulmonary hypertension from 2010.
  • To highlight advancements in risk stratification, diagnosis, and treatment for these conditions.
  • To discuss emerging evidence on novel pharmacological agents and their efficacy.

Summary:

  • New European Society of Cardiology guidelines refine risk assessment for pulmonary embolism, replacing terms like 'massive' with 'high-risk' or 'low-risk'.
  • Indefinite anticoagulation is recommended for idiopathic pulmonary thromboembolism, with emerging data on new drugs like rivaroxaban and dabigatran.
  • In pulmonary hypertension, smoking is identified as a risk factor, and while new treatments haven't improved survival, inflammation's role is better understood. Promising drugs include imatinib, riociguat, and inhaled treprostinil.

Impact:

  • Enhanced diagnostic accuracy and risk stratification for thromboembolic disease and pulmonary hypertension.
  • Guidance on long-term anticoagulation strategies and the introduction of novel therapeutic agents.
  • Improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, potentially leading to more targeted treatments.