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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Precision of In Vivo Quantitative Tooth Wear Measurement Using Intra-Oral Scans

Published on: July 12, 2022

Smile line assessment comparing quantitative measurement and visual estimation.

Pieter Van der Geld¹, Paul Oosterveld, Jan Schols

¹Department of Orthodontics and Oral Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics

|February 9, 2011

Summary

A 3-grade visual scale for smile line analysis offers reliable diagnostic results comparable to quantitative measurements. This semiquantitative method is practical for routine dental diagnostics, especially for assessing lip line height and tooth display.

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Published on: April 29, 2014

Area of Science:

Dentistry
Aesthetic analysis
Digital imaging

Background:

Digital videography enables esthetic analysis of dynamic functions like smiling.
Quantitative measurements of lip line height and tooth display are time-consuming.
Semi-quantitative visual estimation offers a more practical approach for diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the reliability and agreement of two semiquantitative visual estimation methods with quantitative measurements for smile line analysis.
To evaluate the practicality of visual estimation in routine dental diagnostics.

Main Methods:

122 male participants' faces were recorded using digital videography, capturing spontaneous and posed smiles.
Maxillary lip line heights and tooth display were quantitatively measured and visually estimated using 3-grade and 4-grade scales.
Interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability were assessed using kappa statistics.

Main Results:

High interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability values (median kappa 0.79-0.88) were observed.
The 3-grade scale showed higher agreement (median kappa 0.76) with quantitative measurements than the 4-grade scale (median kappa 0.66).
Estimating smile line categories (high, average, low) per tooth demonstrated high reliability.

Conclusions:

Semi-quantitative visual estimation using a 3-grade scale is a reliable method for smile line analysis.
This method is practical for routine dental diagnostics.
Additional quantitative measurements may be beneficial for comprehensive diagnosis, particularly in cases of disproportionate gingival display.