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Related Concept Videos

Mitosis and Cytokinesis02:03

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Mitosis and Cytokinesis01:35

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Mitosis and Cytokinesis02:03

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Mitosis And Cytokinesis01:35

Mitosis And Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
The Contractile Ring02:15

The Contractile Ring

Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
A small GTPase, RhoA, controls the function and assembly of the contractile ring. RhoA belongs to the Ras superfamily of proteins. The activation of formins by RhoA promotes...

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Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cytokinetic Events in Fission Yeast
11:19

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cytokinetic Events in Fission Yeast

Published on: February 20, 2017

Cytokinesis: thinking outside the cell.

Shawn N Jordan1, Sara Olson, Julie C Canman

  • 1Columbia University, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|February 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The extracellular matrix protein hemicentin (HIM-4) is crucial for cell division (cytokinesis) in both worms and mice. This finding reveals a novel role for extracellular matrix components in fundamental cellular processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Extracellular Matrix Research

Background:

  • Cytokinesis, the process of cell division, is essential for organism development and tissue homeostasis.
  • The precise mechanisms regulating cytokinesis are complex and involve intricate cytoskeletal rearrangements.
  • The role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in cytokinesis has remained largely unexplored.

Discussion:

  • This study investigates the function of hemicentin (HIM-4), a conserved ECM protein, in the context of cytokinesis.
  • Hemicentin's involvement suggests that the ECM actively participates in, rather than passively supports, cell division.
  • The findings challenge the traditional view of the ECM as solely structural, highlighting its dynamic regulatory roles.

Key Insights:

  • Hemicentin (HIM-4) is demonstrated to be a required component for successful cytokinesis in model organisms.
  • Loss of hemicentin function leads to defects in cell division, impacting organismal development.
  • This work establishes a direct link between a specific ECM protein and the machinery of cytokinesis.

Outlook:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which hemicentin influences cytokinesis.
  • Investigating other ECM components may reveal additional roles in cell division.
  • Understanding this novel ECM function could have implications for developmental disorders and cancer biology.