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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...

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A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
10:03

A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

Published on: February 28, 2013

Is diabetes mellitus preventable?

R M Ehrlich

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |February 9, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Diabetes is a complex familial disorder involving altered beta cell function and carbohydrate intolerance. This study presents a practical genetic counseling approach for diabetes based on established incidence patterns.

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    A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Genetics
    • Metabolic Disorders

    Background:

    • The precise causes of diabetes mellitus remain incompletely understood.
    • Diabetes is recognized as a familial disorder with complex inheritance patterns.
    • It is characterized as a syndrome of carbohydrate intolerance stemming from impaired beta cell function.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the multifaceted etiology of diabetes.
    • To present a practical framework for genetic counseling in diabetes.
    • To base genetic counseling on known incidence data rather than predictions.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current evidence on diabetes inheritance.
    • Analysis of beta cell function in carbohydrate intolerance.
    • Development of a genetic counseling model utilizing established incidence rates.

    Main Results:

    • Evidence suggests a multifactorial inheritance pattern for diabetes.
    • Diabetes is a syndrome, not a single entity, linked to beta cell dysfunction.
    • A practical genetic counseling method is proposed.

    Conclusions:

    • Diabetes etiology is complex and multifactorial.
    • A syndrome of carbohydrate intolerance, diabetes involves altered beta cell function.
    • The proposed genetic counseling method offers a practical approach for families.