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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

168
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
168
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

190
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
190
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

146
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
146
Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

931
Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
931
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

608
Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
608
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives

919
Laxatives are primarily used to alleviate constipation, a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stools. They work by various mechanisms to increase the volume or frequency of bowel movements. The primary modes of action of laxatives include increasing stool bulk, softening the stool, stimulating intestinal motility, and osmotically drawing water into the intestines.
Osmotic or saline laxatives, like magnesium hydroxide or milk of...
919

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Related Experiment Videos

Constipation in the elderly.

B Hutchison

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |February 9, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Constipation is common in older adults but not a normal part of aging. This review outlines investigation and management strategies, emphasizing lifestyle changes over laxatives for effective constipation relief.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Area of Science:

    • Geriatrics
    • Gastroenterology
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Constipation is a prevalent issue among the elderly.
    • It is crucial to differentiate constipation from normal aging processes.
    • Understanding the multifactorial causes of constipation is essential for effective management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To define constipation in the context of aging.
    • To outline a practical approach for primary care investigation of constipation.
    • To review available treatments and propose a stepwise management strategy.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of constipation definition, causes, and treatments.
    • Development of a common-sense investigation protocol for primary care.
    • Evaluation of available laxative preparations.
    • Description of a stepwise treatment program and bowel training.

    Main Results:

    • Constipation is not an inevitable consequence of aging.
    • A structured, common-sense approach to investigation is feasible in primary care.
    • Lifestyle modifications (fluid, activity, bulk) are foundational.
    • Bowel training is effective for resistant cases.
    • Oral laxative use should be minimized.

    Conclusions:

    • Constipation in the elderly requires a thorough, non-pharmacological approach.
    • Management should prioritize lifestyle adjustments and bowel retraining.
    • Over-reliance on oral laxatives can be avoided with appropriate strategies.