Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug binding...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Management of acute alcoholic conditions.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2010
Same author

Protective drugs in alcoholism treatment.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2010
Same author

Alcoholic liver disease.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2010
Same author

[Not Available].

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2010
Same author

Review of the problems of hepatitis.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2010
Same author

Medical aspects of drug abuse.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2010
Same journal

Impact of virtual case conferences between primary care clinicians and an interdisciplinary chronic pain clinic.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2026
Same journal

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2026
Same journal

Predictors of high-performing family medicine clinics: Prospective cohort study in Alberta.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2026
Same journal

Acetylsalicylic acid use for artial fibrillation and bleeding risk.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2026
Same journal

Clinical practice guidelines: Important tools to teach the art of medicine.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2026
Same journal

Paratonia in advanced dementia: Challenges and evidence-based interventions.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
11:06

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

Published on: January 31, 2022

Pill-induced liver disease.

P Devenyi

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |February 9, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Oral contraceptives pose lesser-known risks to the hepatobiliary system, including benign cholestasis, gallstones, hepatic vein occlusion, and liver tumors. A review examines these complications and the overall risk-benefit of oral contraceptive use.

    More Related Videos

    Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
    11:36

    Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

    Published on: May 29, 2020

    Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
    09:44

    Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

    Published on: November 27, 2019

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

    Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
    11:06

    Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

    Published on: January 31, 2022

    Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms
    11:36

    Induction of Drug-Induced, Autoimmune Hepatitis in BALB/c Mice for the Study of Its Pathogenic Mechanisms

    Published on: May 29, 2020

    Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen
    09:44

    Generation of a Rat Model of Acute Liver Failure by Combining 70% Partial Hepatectomy and Acetaminophen

    Published on: November 27, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Gastroenterology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Oral contraceptives (OCs) are widely used globally.
    • Potential adverse effects of OCs are extensively documented.
    • Hepatobiliary complications of OCs are less recognized.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review known hepatobiliary complications associated with oral contraceptive use.
    • To discuss the risk-benefit profile of oral contraceptives in light of these complications.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on oral contraceptives and hepatobiliary diseases.
    • Analysis of reported cases and epidemiological data.
    • Synthesis of information on benign cholestasis, gallstones, hepatic vein occlusion, and liver tumors.

    Main Results:

    • Oral contraceptives are associated with an increased risk of benign cholestasis.
    • Evidence suggests a link between oral contraceptive use and gallstone formation.
    • Hepatic vein occlusion and liver tumors are potential, though less common, risks.

    Conclusions:

    • Hepatobiliary complications represent a significant, albeit often overlooked, risk of oral contraceptive use.
    • The overall risk-benefit assessment of oral contraceptives should consider these potential adverse effects.
    • Further research may be warranted to elucidate the mechanisms and precise risks.