Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Production of Alcohol

Production of Alcohol

Continuous fermentation is a key strategy in industrial ethanol production, particularly when efficiency, scalability, and high yields are essential. This approach allows for uninterrupted operation and optimized resource utilization. The primary feedstock, corn starch, undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis facilitated by α-amylase and glucoamylase. These enzymes break down the starch into fermentable sugars such as glucose, which are readily assimilated by fermentative microorganisms.Fermentation...

Aldol Condensation with β-Diesters: Knoevenagel Condensation

Aldol Condensation with β-Diesters: Knoevenagel Condensation

The Knoevenagel condensation is an aldol-type reaction involving the condensation of aldehydes or ketones with active methylene compounds such as β-diesters to produce substituted olefins.

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an alkylated β-keto acid.

Batch vs Continuous Culture

Batch vs Continuous Culture

Fermentation is a foundational biotechnological process used to produce pharmaceuticals, biofuels, enzymes, and food additives. Among industrial strategies, batch and continuous fermentation are the two most widely applied. Although both rely on microbial conversion of substrates into desired products, they differ markedly in operation, productivity, and suitability for specific applications.Batch fermentation occurs in a closed system in which nutrient media and inoculum are added at the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Unlocking Catalyst Activation as a Critical Bottleneck in Cross-Coupling Reactions: Room-Temperature Couplings of Weak Nucleophiles Enabled by [Pd(1-MeNAP)TFA]<sub>2</sub> Precatalysts.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026

Same author

Mild N‑Arylation of Sulfoximines With (Hetero)aryl Chlorides Enabled by α-Methylnaphthyl-tBuBrettPhos Palladium Triflate.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same author

Amination and Para-C─H Arylation of Aryl Fluorides Enabled by α-Methylnaphthyl (MeNAP) Palladium Catalysts.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025

Same author

Mild cross-coupling of tertiary alkoxides with aryl chlorides enabled by a shelf-stable methylnaphthyl palladium NHC complex.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2025

Same author

General Synthesis and Properties of Bridged, Fused, and Spirocyclic Azacycles via Intramolecular C-H Bond Amination.

ACS medicinal chemistry letters·2025

Same author

Diastereoselective arylation of bis-lactim ethers catalyzed by <i>N</i>-coordinating ylide-functionalized phosphine (NYPhos).

Chemical science·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Published on: November 15, 2017

Decarboxylative biaryl synthesis in a continuous flow reactor.

Paul P Lange¹, Lukas J Goossen, Philip Podmore

¹FB Chemie-Organische Chemie, TU Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse, Geb. 54, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|February 9, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a continuous flow method for decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions. This protocol efficiently synthesizes biaryls from aromatic carboxylic acids and aryl triflates using copper and palladium catalysts.

More Related Videos

A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor

A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor

Published on: February 10, 2023

Real-time Monitoring of Reactions Performed Using Continuous-flow Processing: The Preparation of 3-Acetylcoumarin as an Example

Real-time Monitoring of Reactions Performed Using Continuous-flow Processing: The Preparation of 3-Acetylcoumarin as an Example

Published on: November 18, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

Published on: November 15, 2017

A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor

A Scalable Balz-Schiemann Reaction Protocol in a Continuous Flow Reactor

Published on: February 10, 2023

Real-time Monitoring of Reactions Performed Using Continuous-flow Processing: The Preparation of 3-Acetylcoumarin as an Example

Real-time Monitoring of Reactions Performed Using Continuous-flow Processing: The Preparation of 3-Acetylcoumarin as an Example

Published on: November 18, 2015

Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Synthetic Chemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions offer a powerful route for C-C bond formation.
Traditional batch methods can present challenges in scalability and safety.
Continuous flow chemistry provides enhanced control and efficiency for synthetic transformations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a practical and scalable protocol for decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions.
To adapt these reactions for implementation in continuous flow reactors.
To demonstrate the synthesis of diverse biaryl compounds.

Main Methods:

Development of a novel protocol for decarboxylative cross-coupling.
Utilizing a copper/palladium (Cu/Pd) co-catalyst system.
Performing reactions in continuous flow reactor setups.

Main Results:

Successful implementation of decarboxylative cross-coupling in continuous flow.
Efficient synthesis of various biaryl compounds.
Demonstrated versatility using aromatic carboxylic acids and aryl triflates as starting materials.

Conclusions:

The developed continuous flow protocol is a practical advancement for synthesizing biaryls.
This method offers an efficient and potentially scalable approach to decarboxylative cross-coupling.
The Cu/Pd catalyst system is effective for this transformation in flow conditions.