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Apnea of prematurity: from cause to treatment

Jing Zhao1, Fernando Gonzalez, Dezhi Mu

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|February 9, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is common in premature infants due to immature respiratory control. Management includes ventilation and methylxanthines, with further research needed for other therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Apnea of prematurity (AOP) affects premature infants due to immature respiratory control.
  • Neonatal diseases can worsen AOP by altering responses to hypoxia, hypercapnia, and sleep states.
  • The roles of gastroesophageal reflux and anemia in AOP are debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the physiology and pathophysiology of AOP.
  • To review current and potential therapies for AOP.
  • To explore the long-term neurodevelopmental effects of AOP and its treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on AOP physiology, pathophysiology, and treatment.
  • Discussion of standard clinical management strategies for AOP.
  • Exploration of emerging therapies and their proposed mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • AOP is linked to immature respiratory control, altered chemosensitivity, and sleep state disturbances.
  • Standard treatments include prone positioning, positive pressure ventilation, and methylxanthines.
  • Kangaroo care, transfusions, and CO2 inhalation require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding AOP pathophysiology is crucial for effective management.
  • Current therapies address central and obstructive apnea, but optimal approaches vary.
  • Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes necessitate continued research and monitoring.

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