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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.
Sound Waves: Interference00:53

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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
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The effect of coupling on bubble fragmentation acoustics.

Helen Czerski1, Grant B Deane

  • 1Marine Physical Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA. H.Czerski.97@cantab.net

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
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PubMed
Summary

Bubble fragmentation sound is analyzed. Bubble-bubble coupling influences acoustic output, explaining suppressed frequencies in experimental data and revealing different fragmentation mechanisms for newly formed bubbles.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Acoustics
  • Multiphase flow

Background:

  • Bubble dynamics are crucial in industrial, medical, and oceanographic applications.
  • Passive acoustics offer a non-invasive method to monitor bubble population changes.
  • Sound produced during bubble formation/fragmentation contains information on physical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of bubble-bubble coupling on sound produced during binary fragmentation.
  • Analyze the physical mechanisms governing sound generation in bubble splitting events.
  • Compare numerical simulations with experimental data to validate findings.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulation of acoustical excitation of fragmenting bubbles.
  • Generation of model acoustic signals from simulations.
  • Comparison of simulated acoustic signals with experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Bubble-bubble coupling explains the suppressed acoustic output observed in a specific frequency range.
  • The neck collapse mechanism driving fragmentation is consistent for the larger daughter bubble.
  • A distinct fragmentation mechanism is identified for the smaller daughter bubble in certain scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • Bubble-bubble coupling is a significant factor in the acoustic signature of fragmentation.
  • Understanding coupling effects is essential for accurate interpretation of acoustic data from bubble populations.
  • The study reveals complexities in daughter bubble fragmentation mechanisms, necessitating further investigation.