Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael acceptor.

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, high molecular...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Directed droplet motion - Its versatile nature and anticipated applications.

Advances in colloid and interface science·2026

Same author

Coarse-Grained Model of the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Anionic Surfactant Based on the MDPD-Martini Force Field.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026

Same author

Modeling the dimerization of amyloid-β(1-40) and amyloid-β(1-42).

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Same author

Collision of surfactant-laden droplets: insights from molecular dynamics simulation.

Soft matter·2025

Same author

LED red and blue light source fresh preservation improved the quality of celery and broccoli during cold storage.

Food science and biotechnology·2025

Same author

Evaporation Dynamics of Deionized Water Droplets on Hydrophobic Leaves.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Mesophase formation in two-component cylindrical bottlebrush polymers.

Igor Erukhimovich¹, Panagiotis E Theodorakis, Wolfgang Paul

¹A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compound, RAS and Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia. ierukhs@polly.phys.msu.ru

The Journal of Chemical Physics

|February 10, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microphase separation in bottlebrush polymers with two side chain types (A,B) under poor solvent conditions leads to axial ordering. This phenomenon, analogous to block copolymers, shows short-range order with a wavelength dependent on side chain size.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Area of Science:

Polymer Science
Soft Matter Physics
Materials Science

Background:

Bottlebrush polymers with densely grafted side chains exhibit complex self-assembly behaviors.
Poor solvent conditions can induce microphase separation in polymers with incompatible segments.

Purpose of the Study:

To generalize Leibler's theory for block copolymer microphase separation to densely grafted bottlebrush polymers.
To investigate microphase separation and ordering in cylindrical brushes using analytical theory and molecular dynamics simulations.

Main Methods:

Generalization of Leibler's theory for block copolymer melts to cylindrical brushes.
Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of a bead-spring model for bottlebrush polymers.
Analysis of correlation functions to study ordering phenomena.

Main Results:

Evidence for short-range order due to a tendency toward microphase separation in the axial direction.
The wavelength of this axial ordering is proportional to the side chain gyration radius.
This ordering is observed irrespective of temperature and grafting density over a wide range.

Conclusions:

The study provides a theoretical and simulation-based description of microphase separation in bottlebrush polymers.
The findings reveal a tendency towards axial microphase separation, leading to Janus-cylinder-type ordering.
The results highlight the influence of side chain architecture and solvent conditions on polymer self-assembly.