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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
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Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

Diabetes and biomarkers.

Erica J Caveney1, Oren J Cohen

  • 1Quintiles, Morrisville, North Carolina, USA. Erica.Caveney@Quintiles.com

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
|February 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Biomarkers aid clinical trials and patient treatment decisions. Judicious use of biomarkers in drug development, particularly for antidiabetes therapies, can align safety with timely patient access.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical science
  • Clinical research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Biomarkers are crucial for clinical trials and patient care, informing decisions by medical practitioners, researchers, and regulators.
  • Uncertainty exists in weighing biomarker data against clinical outcomes in studies.
  • Conflicting goals in drug approval, balancing safety with rapid patient access, contribute to this uncertainty.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role and judicious use of biomarkers in clinical trials.
  • To investigate how biomarkers can align the goals of drug safety and timely patient access.
  • To emphasize the need for improved understanding of diabetes pathogenesis for biomarker development in antidiabetes drug discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on biomarker utilization in clinical trials.

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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
07:22

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
07:20

Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies

Published on: January 28, 2014

  • Analysis of the drug approval process and its inherent challenges.
  • Discussion of the impact of understanding disease pathogenesis on biomarker discovery.
  • Main Results:

    • Biomarkers can facilitate informed decision-making in clinical research and patient treatment.
    • Strategic application of biomarkers can reconcile the safety and accessibility objectives of drug development.
    • Advancing the understanding of diabetes and its complications is key to developing effective antidiabetes drugs using biomarkers.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective use of biomarkers is essential for efficient clinical trials and patient management.
    • Biomarkers can help balance the need for therapeutic safety with the urgency of patient access.
    • Further research into diabetes pathogenesis is critical for optimizing biomarker-based antidiabetes drug development.