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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume01:07

Conservation of Mass in Fixed, Nondeforming Control Volume

The principle of conservation of mass is fundamental in fluid dynamics and is crucial for analyzing flow within fixed control volumes, such as pipes or ducts. This principle states that the total mass within a control volume remains constant unless altered by the inflow or outflow of mass through the control surfaces. This results in a vital relationship for steady, incompressible flow where the mass entering a system equals the mass leaving it.
In the case of a sewer pipe, which can be modeled...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Isotonic and Isometric Muscle Contractions01:22

Isotonic and Isometric Muscle Contractions

Two primary types of muscle contractions are isotonic and isometric, each serving unique functions and involving distinct mechanisms. Both isotonic and isometric contractions are integral to the body's complex system of movement and stability. Isotonic exercises contribute significantly to functional strength and movement, while isometric contractions are crucial for maintaining posture and joint stability.
Isotonic contractions
Isotonic contractions occur when a muscle changes length while the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

In Vivo Functional Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle Following Surgical Creation of a Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) Injury
06:46

In Vivo Functional Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle Following Surgical Creation of a Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) Injury

Published on: November 15, 2024

Volumetric muscle loss.

Brian F Grogan1, Joseph R Hsu,

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
|February 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) requires effective infection prevention and bone healing strategies. Standardized VML evaluation protocols are needed, with current treatments including muscle transfer and bracing, while future options involve regenerative medicine.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

In Vivo Functional Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle Following Surgical Creation of a Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) Injury
06:46

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Published on: November 15, 2024

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Published on: May 31, 2024

3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue
08:52

3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue

Published on: November 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Traumatology

Background:

  • Volumetric muscle loss (VML) involves significant skeletal muscle damage, leading to functional impairment.
  • Effective management of VML necessitates infection prevention and support for bone covering and healing.
  • Currently, no standardized protocol exists for characterizing and quantifying VML.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and management strategies for Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML).
  • To identify potential methods for VML characterization and quantification.
  • To discuss existing and potential future therapeutic options for VML.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical documentation methods including photographs, videos, and range of motion measurements.
  • Assessment of manual muscle strength testing and isokinetic muscle function testing for VML evaluation.
  • Exploration of current treatments like functional free muscle transfer and advanced bracing.

Main Results:

  • Clinical photographs, video recordings, and various muscle testing methods show potential for VML documentation.
  • Functional free muscle transfer and advanced bracing are current treatment modalities for VML.
  • Powered bracing and regenerative medicine represent future therapeutic avenues for VML.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized evaluation protocols are crucial for consistent VML characterization and quantification.
  • Multimodal approaches combining clinical assessment and functional testing are valuable for VML management.
  • Continued research into VML, including regenerative medicine, is essential for improving patient outcomes.