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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues
13:03

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2016

Chromatin remodelling complex dosage modulates transcription factor function in heart development.

Jun K Takeuchi1, Xin Lou, Jeffrey M Alexander

  • 1Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.

Nature Communications
|February 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maintaining the correct balance of Brg1 and cardiac transcription factors is crucial for heart development. Disrupting this balance leads to congenital heart defects, revealing a dosage-sensitive relationship vital for cardiogenesis.

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Published on: June 3, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are often caused by dominant mutations in cardiac transcription factor genes.
  • The molecular mechanisms underlying these defects and the role of chromatin remodeling complexes like Brg1/Brm-associated factor (BAF) in cardiogenesis remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Brg1 dosage in cardiogenesis.
  • To explore the interdependence between Brg1 and key cardiac transcription factors (Tbx5, Tbx20, Nkx2-5) in heart development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse and zebrafish models to study cardiogenesis.
  • Analyzed the impact of disrupting the balance between Brg1 and cardiac transcription factors.
  • Examined Brg1 occupancy at cardiac gene promoters in Tbx5 haploinsufficient hearts.

Main Results:

  • Brg1 dosage is critical for normal mouse and zebrafish heart development.
  • Disrupting the balance between Brg1 and cardiac transcription factors (Tbx5, Tbx20, Nkx2-5) results in severe cardiac anomalies.
  • Reduced Brg1 occupancy at cardiac gene promoters was observed in Tbx5 haploinsufficient hearts, indicating altered gene regulation.

Conclusions:

  • An essential allelic balance exists between Brg1 and cardiac transcription factor genes for proper heart development.
  • Relative levels of transcription factors and BAF complexes are critical for cardiogenesis.
  • This dosage-sensitive interdependence offers a potential mechanism for transcription factor haploinsufficiency and the multigenic inheritance of CHDs.