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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.The length of the branches can depict time or the relative amount of change among organisms. For instance, the branch length might indicate the number of amino acid changes in the sequence that underlies the...
Microbial Phylogeny01:28

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Understanding the evolutionary relationships among microorganisms is fundamental to microbial ecology and taxonomy. Phylogenetic trees are essential tools for inferring these relationships, relying primarily on comparative analyses of molecular sequences such as DNA, RNA, or proteins. In microbial studies, these trees typically depict the evolutionary paths of diverse bacterial and archaeal species by mapping genetic differences accumulated over time.Phylogenetic trees are composed of tips,...
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The phylogenetic species concept (PSC) is a framework used to delineate species based on evolutionary relationships, emphasizing shared ancestry and diagnosable genetic traits. Unlike morphological or biological species concepts, the PSC is particularly advantageous for microbial taxonomy, where traditional reproductive or phenotypic criteria often fall short due to the prevalence of asexual reproduction, minimal morphological differentiation, and widespread horizontal gene transfer among...
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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

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Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
08:57

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Published on: August 14, 2018

Standard operating procedure for computing pangenome trees.

Lars Snipen, David W Ussery

    Standards in Genomic Sciences
    |February 10, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We introduce the pan-genome tree, a novel tool for visualizing microbial genome relationships. This method aids in understanding genetic diversity within species and genera using gene family data.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Bioinformatics
    • Computational Biology

    Background:

    • Understanding genetic diversity within microbial species and genera is crucial for evolutionary and functional studies.
    • Existing methods may not adequately capture nuanced relationships based on gene content.
    • Visualizing genomic similarities and differences requires efficient computational tools.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present the pan-genome tree as a novel visualization tool for microbial genomics.
    • To provide a method for quantifying similarities and differences between closely related microbial genomes.
    • To offer a flexible weighting system for gene families based on their conservation.

    Main Methods:

    • The pan-genome tree utilizes a weighted relative Manhattan distance metric.
    • Distance calculation is based on the presence or absence of gene families.
    • Customizable weights can emphasize gene families conserved to varying degrees within the pan-genome.
    • The implementation is provided as a free R-package.

    Main Results:

    • The pan-genome tree effectively visualizes similarities and differences among microbial genomes.
    • The weighted distance metric allows for nuanced comparisons of genomic content.
    • The R-package provides accessible software for researchers.

    Conclusions:

    • The pan-genome tree is a valuable tool for exploring microbial genome evolution and diversity.
    • The flexibility in weighting gene families enhances the biological relevance of the visualization.
    • The availability of the R-package promotes its adoption in microbial genomics research.