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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Published on: September 15, 2017

Primary aldosteronism: A Japanese perspective.

Fumitoshi Satoh1, Ryo Morimoto, Yoshitsugu Iwakura

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Vascular Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. fsatoh@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp

Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders
|February 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Primary aldosteronism (PA), a common cause of secondary hypertension, is underdiagnosed but treatable. Early diagnosis and treatment of PA significantly reduce cardiovascular risks and improve patient outcomes.

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Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions
04:33

Primary Culture of Rat Adrenocortical Cells and Assays of Steroidogenic Functions

Published on: March 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the leading cause of secondary hypertension, representing 10% of all hypertension cases.
  • Hypertension linked to PA carries substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risks.
  • PA remains significantly underdiagnosed in routine clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated review of primary aldosteronism.
  • To address controversial elements in the diagnosis and treatment of PA.
  • To highlight the cost-effectiveness of PA identification through improved patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current literature on primary aldosteronism.
  • It examines diagnostic challenges and therapeutic strategies.
  • Expert consensus and recent research findings are discussed.

Main Results:

  • Identifying and treating PA is cost-beneficial due to enhanced cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Specific medical and surgical interventions can mitigate PA-related risks.
  • Addressing diagnostic controversies is crucial for timely patient management.

Conclusions:

  • Primary aldosteronism is a critical, underdiagnosed condition with significant cardiovascular implications.
  • Timely diagnosis and targeted treatment of PA are essential for improving patient prognosis.
  • Further research and clinical awareness are needed to overcome diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in PA.