Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications01:09

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each indication due to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The South Texas Oral Health Network Study of Practitioners' Approaches to Oral Appliance Therapy Titration for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Their Impact on Patient Outcomes (PAOSA): Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study.

JMIR research protocols·2026
Same author

Opioid prescribing after nonsurgical root canal therapy: Findings from The National Dental Practice-Based Research Network.

Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)·2026
Same author

Clinical and Psychosocial Predisposing Factors Associated With Anaesthesia Failure During Non-Surgical Root Canal Treatment: A National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Study.

International endodontic journal·2026
Same author

Risk of Fetal Exposure to Teratogenic Medications: Development of Evidence for the Teratogenic Risk Impact and Mitigation (TRIM) Tool.

Drug safety·2026
Same author

Engagement of dentists and patients in underserved rural and dental health provider shortage areas by the national dental practice-based network.

Journal of clinical and translational science·2026
Same author

In Memory of Dr Julie M. Zito (1943-2025): Scientist, Advocate, Mentor, Colleague.

Medical care·2026
Same journal

Impact of Patient Race on Cataract Surgery Outcomes in a Safety Net Academic Medical Center.

Ethnicity & disease·2026
Same journal

Maternal Education-Related Patterns of Early Preterm Birth Rates: The Impact of Paternal Acknowledgment.

Ethnicity & disease·2026
Same journal

The Association of Race and Ethnicity with Six-Minute Walk Distance: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Ethnicity & disease·2026
Same journal

The Interplay of Neighborhood Deprivation, Race, and Multiple Sclerosis.

Ethnicity & disease·2026
Same journal

Exploring Dementia Awareness, Beliefs, and Attitudes among Asian Indian Immigrants in the United States.

Ethnicity & disease·2026
Same journal

Community Perspectives on Factors That Improve Young Men's Participation in Rural Research.

Ethnicity & disease·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

Medication assistance programs: do all in need benefit equally?

Maria Pisu1, Katie Crenshaw, Ellen Funkhouser

  • 1The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Deep South Musculoskeletal Center for Research and Education in Therapeutics, Division of Preventive Medicine, 1530 3rd Ave South, MT 628, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-4410, USA. mpisu@uab.edu

Ethnicity & Disease
|February 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Medication assistance programs (MAPs) were underutilized, particularly by African Americans. Inadequate income increased MAP use, but racial disparities in access persist, potentially worsening health inequities.

More Related Videos

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
06:55

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
05:10

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Health Disparities
  • Pharmaceutical Policy

Background:

  • Pharmaceutical companies offer medication assistance programs (MAPs) to improve patient access to medications.
  • Understanding the utilization patterns of MAPs across different demographic groups is crucial for ensuring equitable access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether African Americans and Whites utilized pharmaceutical company-provided medication assistance programs (MAPs) differently.
  • To identify factors associated with MAP utilization among low-income patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted with 568 African American and White patients from primary care practices in Alabama between 2005 and 2007.
  • The study focused on patients with annual household incomes below $50,000, assessing their use of MAPs.

Main Results:

  • Overall, 12.8% of patients reported using MAPs. MAP use was higher among those with incomes inadequate to meet basic needs (OR: 2.19).
  • African Americans were less likely to use MAPs compared to Whites (OR: 0.49) after multivariable adjustment.
  • MAP utilization was low, even among vulnerable populations.

Conclusions:

  • Medication assistance programs (MAPs) demonstrated low overall utilization, with significantly lower use among African Americans compared to Whites.
  • Current MAPs may exacerbate existing health disparities in medication access.
  • Targeted interventions are needed to improve equitable access to MAPs for vulnerable populations.