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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

Lichen sclerosus in boys.

¹Kinderchirurgische Praxis, Prinz-Albert-Str. 26, 53113 Bonn, Germany. drkarlbecker@aol.com

Deutsches Arzteblatt International

|February 11, 2011

Summary

Lichen sclerosus (LS) in boys, often causing phimosis, is more common than assumed. Complete circumcision is the primary treatment, though not always a definitive cure for this penile condition.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Surgery
Dermatology
Urology

Background:

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a sclerosing skin disease affecting prepubertal males.
It commonly manifests as penile involvement and acquired phimosis, often requiring surgical intervention.
The clinical significance and prevalence of LS in boys are frequently underestimated.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of LS in boys.
To present clinical experience with LS in a pediatric surgery setting.
To highlight the importance of recognizing LS in pediatric patients presenting with phimosis.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review on lichen sclerosus in boys.
Analysis of clinical cases from an ambulatory pediatric surgery practice.

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Synthesis of etiological, clinical, and therapeutic information.

Main Results:

LS, also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans in boys, is a primary cause of acquired phimosis.
The condition can extend to involve the meatus and urethra.
While complete circumcision is the standard treatment, its curative efficacy is debated, and topical steroid therapy remains controversial.

Conclusions:

Lichen sclerosus is more prevalent in boys than generally recognized and should be suspected in all cases of acquired phimosis.
Complete circumcision may not provide a definitive cure for LS.
Further research into the pathogenesis of LS is essential for improved management.