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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
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Esophageal Achalasia01:27

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
09:40

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

Diffuse esophageal spasm: the surgical approach.

R Salvador1, M Costantini, C Rizzetto

  • 1Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, Clinica Chirurgica I, Padova, Italy.

Diseases of the Esophagus : Official Journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus
|February 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) is a rare esophageal motility disorder causing chest pain and dysphagia. While surgery offers better outcomes than medical or endoscopic treatments, its effectiveness requires further investigation due to limited success rates.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

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Published on: September 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Esophageal Motility Disorders

Background:

  • Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) is a rare primary esophageal motility disorder.
  • It presents with chest pain and dysphagia after excluding cardiac and GERD causes.
  • The manometric hallmark is simultaneous distal esophageal contractions with normal peristalsis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical and diagnostic aspects of DES.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic options for DES.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of surgical interventions for DES.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies on DES.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and manometric findings.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes for medical, endoscopic, and surgical therapies.

Main Results:

  • DES is an uncommon diagnosis even in specialized centers.
  • Surgery, particularly esophageal myotomy, shows better outcomes than other treatments.
  • Satisfactory surgical results are reported in approximately 70% of cases from skilled centers.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical intervention is considered a last resort for DES.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the role and efficacy of surgery in DES.
  • Controlled trials are challenging due to the rarity of the condition.