Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Yeast Signaling01:28

Yeast Signaling

Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
What is Glycolysis?00:56

What is Glycolysis?

Overview
Cells make energy by breaking down macromolecules. Cellular respiration is the biochemical process that converts "food energy" (from the chemical bonds of macromolecules) into chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The first step of this tightly regulated and intricate process is glycolysis. The word glycolysis originates from the Latin glyco (sugar) and lysis (breakdown). Glycolysis serves two main intracellular functions: generating ATP and generating...
Fates of Pyruvate01:20

Fates of Pyruvate

Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...
Outcomes of Glycolysis01:13

Outcomes of Glycolysis

Nearly all the energy used by cells comes from the bonds that make up complex organic compounds. These organic compounds are broken down into simpler molecules, such as glucose. As a result, cells extract energy from glucose over many chemical reactions—a process called cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration starts with glycolysis and continues with pyruvate oxidation, the...
Glycolysis01:23

Glycolysis

Glycolysis, the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, is a central metabolic pathway involved in glucose catabolism. It is highly conserved across most organisms, reflecting its fundamental role in cellular energy production. This process occurs in the cytoplasm and can function both in the presence and absence of oxygen, making it versatile for various organisms and environmental conditions.Stages of GlycolysisGlycolysis is a ten-step pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating a net gain of...
Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fungistatic effect of sorbic acid on yeast cells via translational repression involving eIF2 <math><mi>α</mi></math> phosphorylation and formation of Ded1- and eIF2B-granules.

Microbial cell (Graz, Austria)·2026
Same author

PDC1 deficiency results in 2-deoxyglucose sensitivity through inhibition of Pdc2 activity in yeast.

The FEBS journal·2026
Same author

SauCas9-based cell cycle-dependent genome editing via AAV delivery.

Molecular therapy. Advances·2026
Same author

Manipulation of 7‑Finger Zinc Finger Nuclease Increases the Efficiency of Genome Editing in Human Cells.

ACS bio & med chem Au·2025
Same author

Screening strategy to identify Cas9 variants with higher HDR activity based on diphtheria toxin.

Journal of biomedical science·2025
Same author

Myostatin antisense administration prevents sepsis-induced muscle atrophy and weakness in male mice.

Physiological reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Structural Biology and Analytical Chemistry Approaches for Characterizing C-Glycoside Metabolic Enzymes in Human Gut Microbiota
13:35

Structural Biology and Analytical Chemistry Approaches for Characterizing C-Glycoside Metabolic Enzymes in Human Gut Microbiota

Published on: May 23, 2025

Glyoxalase system in yeasts: structure, function, and physiology.

Yoshiharu Inoue1, Kazuhiro Maeta, Wataru Nomura

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan. y_inoue@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|February 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The glyoxalase system detoxifies harmful methylglyoxal. In yeast, glyoxalase I regulates the Yap1 transcription factor by controlling methylglyoxal levels, impacting stress responses.

More Related Videos

Techniques for the Evolution of Robust Pentose-fermenting Yeast for Bioconversion of Lignocellulose to Ethanol
14:53

Techniques for the Evolution of Robust Pentose-fermenting Yeast for Bioconversion of Lignocellulose to Ethanol

Published on: October 24, 2016

Genetic Engineering of an Unconventional Yeast for Renewable Biofuel and Biochemical Production
10:10

Genetic Engineering of an Unconventional Yeast for Renewable Biofuel and Biochemical Production

Published on: September 20, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Structural Biology and Analytical Chemistry Approaches for Characterizing C-Glycoside Metabolic Enzymes in Human Gut Microbiota
13:35

Structural Biology and Analytical Chemistry Approaches for Characterizing C-Glycoside Metabolic Enzymes in Human Gut Microbiota

Published on: May 23, 2025

Techniques for the Evolution of Robust Pentose-fermenting Yeast for Bioconversion of Lignocellulose to Ethanol
14:53

Techniques for the Evolution of Robust Pentose-fermenting Yeast for Bioconversion of Lignocellulose to Ethanol

Published on: October 24, 2016

Genetic Engineering of an Unconventional Yeast for Renewable Biofuel and Biochemical Production
10:10

Genetic Engineering of an Unconventional Yeast for Renewable Biofuel and Biochemical Production

Published on: September 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Yeast Genetics

Background:

  • The glyoxalase system, comprising glyoxalase I and II, is essential for detoxifying reactive methylglyoxal, a glycolysis byproduct.
  • Methylglyoxal's toxicity necessitates efficient metabolic flux, highlighting the glyoxalase system's crucial role.
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses one glyoxalase I gene (GLO1) and two glyoxalase II genes (GLO2, GLO4).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of glyoxalase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae stress response.
  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of glyoxalase I expression and its impact on cellular pathways.
  • To understand how methylglyoxal levels influence transcription factor activity, specifically Yap1.

Main Methods:

  • Gene expression analysis of GLO1 under osmotic stress.
  • Investigating the impact of GLO1 deficiency on methylglyoxal levels and Yap1 activity.
  • Assessing the effect of methylglyoxal on Yap1 nucleocytoplasmic localization.

Main Results:

  • GLO1 expression is regulated by Hog1 and Msn2/Msn4 under osmotic stress.
  • GLO1 deficiency leads to increased methylglyoxal, constitutively activating the Yap1 transcription factor.
  • Methylglyoxal directly modifies Yap1, affecting its localization and function, independent of oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

  • Glyoxalase I plays a critical role in managing methylglyoxal levels, thereby influencing cellular stress responses in yeast.
  • Glyoxalase I acts as a negative regulator of Yap1 by modulating intracellular methylglyoxal concentration.
  • The glyoxalase system is vital for maintaining cellular homeostasis and proper stress adaptation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.