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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
Pinocytosis00:43

Pinocytosis

Cells use energy-requiring bulk transport mechanisms to transfer large particles, or large amounts of small particles, into or out of the cell. The cells envelop the particles in spherical membranes called vesicles or vacuoles. Vesicles that transport material into the cell are built from the cell membrane. These vesicles encapsulate external molecules and transport them into the cell in a process called endocytosis.
Pinocytosis00:38

Pinocytosis

Cells use energy-requiring bulk transport mechanisms to transfer large particles or large numbers of small particles into or out of the cell. The cells envelop the particles in spherical membranes called vesicles or vacuoles. Vesicles that transport material into the cell are built from the cell membrane. These vesicles encapsulate external molecules and transport them into the cell in a process called endocytosis.
Pinocytosis ("cellular drinking") is one of three main types of endocytosis. In...
Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis01:18

Vesicular Trasport: Endocytosis, Transcytosis and Exocytosis

Vesicular transport is a cellular process that encompasses the engulfment of particles or dissolved substances by cells. It involves endocytosis, transcytosis, and exocytosis.
Endocytosis is a cellular mechanism that involves the inward folding of the cell membrane to create vesicles that capture and transport large drug molecules. This process comprises two distinct methods: pinocytosis (often referred to as "cell drinking") and phagocytosis (often referred to as "cell eating"). Pinocytosis is...
The Apoplast and Symplast01:46

The Apoplast and Symplast

Plant growth depends on its ability to take up water and dissolved minerals from the soil. The root system of every plant is equipped with the necessary tissues to facilitate the entry of water and solutes. The plant tissues involved in the transport of water and minerals have two major compartments - the apoplast and the symplast. The apoplast includes everything outside the plasma membrane of living cells and consists of cell walls, extracellular spaces, xylem, phloem, and tracheids. The...
Endocytosis01:16

Endocytosis

Eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients for growth and proliferation. Nutrients and other molecules that require degradation are internalized from the extracellular space by a process called endocytosis. The term ‘endocytosis' was first coined by Christian de Duve in 1963.
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Related Experiment Video

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Subcellular Imaging of Neuronal Calcium Handling In Vivo
07:14

Subcellular Imaging of Neuronal Calcium Handling In Vivo

Published on: March 17, 2023

Vacuolar Ca(2+) uptake.

Jon K Pittman1

  • 1Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK. jon.pittman@manchester.ac.uk

Cell Calcium
|February 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vacuolar calcium transporters, including Ca(2+)-ATPases and Ca(2+)/H(+) exchangers, regulate cellular calcium signals and prevent toxicity. These conserved mechanisms for calcium uptake into vacuoles evolved early across diverse organisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Calcium ions (Ca2+) are crucial signaling molecules.
  • Cellular Ca2+ homeostasis is vital for preventing toxicity.
  • Vacuoles act as major Ca2+ stores in plants and fungi.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review biochemical and regulatory features of vacuolar calcium transporters.
  • To compare Ca2+ transport mechanisms in yeast, plants, and other organisms.
  • To explore the evolutionary conservation of vacuolar Ca2+ uptake.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of biochemical and regulatory studies.
  • Comparative analysis of Ca2+ transport systems.
  • Examination of data from yeast, plants, algae, and protozoa.

Main Results:

  • Two primary pathways for vacuolar Ca2+ accumulation identified: Ca(2+)-ATPases and Ca(2+)/H(+) exchangers.
  • Characterization of these transporters in yeast and plants.
  • Identification of conserved Ca2+ uptake mechanisms across diverse vacuolated organisms.

Conclusions:

  • Vacuolar Ca2+ transport is mediated by conserved mechanisms.
  • These mechanisms are essential for regulating Ca2+ signals and preventing toxicity.
  • Conserved Ca2+ uptake into vacuoles likely evolved early in organismal evolution.