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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation01:26

Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation

The nursing assessment of the genitourinary (GU) system involves a systematic inspection and palpation to identify abnormalities in the kidneys, bladder, and surrounding structures.InspectionMouth: Inspect for signs of kidney dysfunction, such as stomatitis (inflammation of the mouth) and ammonia breath, which may occur in advanced kidney disease due to the buildup of urea, breaking down into ammonia.Skin: Check for pallor, which could indicate anemia caused by kidney disease. Look for...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
07:48

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Published on: December 1, 2013

Bladder cancer.

Todd M Morgan1, Kirk A Keegan, Peter E Clark

  • 1Department of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2765, USA.

Current Opinion in Oncology
|February 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Smoking remains a key bladder cancer risk factor. Current diagnostic markers don't replace cystoscopy, and high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer management is challenging, with ongoing research for new treatments.

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Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
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Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer
09:07

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

Published on: February 6, 2011

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
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An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Published on: December 1, 2013

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
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Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

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An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer
09:07

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

Published on: February 6, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Bladder cancer epidemiology, diagnosis, and management are rapidly evolving.
  • Smoking is the primary and increasing risk factor for bladder cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in bladder cancer.
  • Emphasis on studies published within the last year.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of bladder cancer studies.
  • Focus on epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.

Main Results:

  • Urinary markers lack evidence to replace cystoscopy for surveillance.
  • Management of high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer remains controversial.
  • Robot-assisted radical cystectomy shows promise for reduced complications.
  • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy benefits are modest, leading to treatment disagreements.

Conclusions:

  • Continued progress in bladder cancer diagnosis and management.
  • Future research is expected to further improve patient care.