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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
26:48

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Published on: July 4, 2007

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: a case report.

A D Praticò1, M Saporito, O Iacono

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania. terrenere178@tin.it

Minerva Pediatrica
|February 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare neurological disorder caused by measles virus. This case highlights a child with SSPE presenting atypical symptoms, emphasizing the need for timely diagnosis despite its rarity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Virology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive neurological disorder in children and adolescents.
  • It is caused by a persistent, defective measles virus, with symptoms appearing years after the initial measles infection.
  • Vaccination has significantly reduced SSPE incidence.

Observation:

  • A rare case of SSPE in a child is presented.
  • The child exhibited initial symptoms of atonia, dysarthria, and intellectual decline.
  • Notably, these symptoms appeared without any specific electroencephalogram (EEG) anomalies.

Findings:

  • The case demonstrates an atypical presentation of SSPE.
  • The absence of typical EEG findings in the early stages posed a diagnostic challenge.
  • This highlights the variability in SSPE's clinical and electrophysiological manifestations.

Implications:

  • Early recognition of atypical SSPE presentations is crucial for prompt diagnosis and management.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering SSPE even with unusual initial symptoms.
  • Raising awareness about rare neurological conditions like SSPE can prevent misdiagnosis and improve patient outcomes.