Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype

Adrenergic Receptors: β Subtype

β-adrenoceptors have varied sensitivities towards adrenaline, noradrenaline, and isoprenaline. The order of agonist potency is as follows:
Isoprenaline > Adrenaline > Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter binding to these receptors causes activation of adenylyl cyclase resulting in increased concentrations of cAMP and modulation of calcium ion channels within the cell. They are further classified into β1, β2, and β3 subtypes.
β1-adrenoceptors: β1-adrenoceptors have equal affinities for...

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...

Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification

Adrenergic Receptors (Adrenoceptors): Classification

Adrenergic receptors, or adrenoceptors, respond to the autonomic neurotransmitter noradrenaline and other endogenous catecholamine agonists. They are classified into two main families, α and β, based on their pharmacological response and are further subdivided depending on their location, elicited response, and affinity to specific agonists or antagonists.
α-Adrenoceptors
α-Adrenoceptors are classified into two main subtypes: α1 and α2. The α1 adrenoceptors, which are found on postsynaptic...

Adrenergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Classification of β-Receptor Blockers

Adrenergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Classification of β-Receptor Blockers

β-adrenergic antagonists, or β-blockers, modulate the sympathetic nervous system by targeting β-adrenoceptors and inhibiting catecholamine-mediated sympathetic responses. β-blockers differ in their adrenoceptor subtype affinity, lipophilicity, and α-blocking capabilities. The history of β-blocker development began with the prototype, dichloroisoprenaline, which exhibited partial agonist activity. As a result, propranolol was developed as a pure antagonist but nonselective agent, paving the way...

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
Adrenaline ≥ Noradrenaline >> Isoprenaline
α-adrenoceptors are further divided into α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
α1-Adrenoceptors: These receptors are located postsynaptically on the effector organs and cause constriction of smooth muscle mediated by activation of phospholipase C—inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate...

Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers

Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers

Third-generation β-blockers, such as labetalol and carvedilol, represent a significant advancement in managing cardiovascular conditions. Unlike conventional β-blockers, which can induce peripheral vasoconstriction, third-generation drugs block α1 adrenoceptors. This promotes vasodilation through several mechanisms, such as increased nitric oxide production, inhibition of calcium ion entry, opening of potassium ion channels, and antioxidant action. Labetalol, for instance, is clinically...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Genes associated with polymorphic variants predicting lung function are differentially expressed during human lung development.

Respiratory research·2016

Same author

A rare missense mutation in CHRNA4 associates with smoking behavior and its consequences.

Molecular psychiatry·2016

Same author

Translating Lung Function Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) Findings: New Insights for Lung Biology.

Advances in genetics·2016

Same author

The UK prevalence of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and its association with sex, socioeconomic status and region of residence: a population-based study.

Thorax·2013

Same author

Genome-wide association study to identify genetic determinants of severe asthma.

Thorax·2012

Same author

Discoidin domain receptor 1 regulates bronchial epithelial repair and matrix metalloproteinase production.

The European respiratory journal·2010

Same journal

Methods for cancer gene therapy using tumor suppressor genes.

Methods in molecular medicine·2014

Same journal

Suppression of the human carcinoma phenotype by an antioncogene ribozyme.

Methods in molecular medicine·2014

Same journal

Methods for the use of stromal cells for therapeutic gene therapy.

Methods in molecular medicine·2014

Same journal

Methods for adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to synovium in vivo.

Methods in molecular medicine·2014

Same journal

Methods for gene transfer to synovium.

Methods in molecular medicine·2014

Same journal

Methods for generation of genetically modified fibroblasts for immunotherapy of cancer.

Methods in molecular medicine·2014

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Published on: June 7, 2016

Methods for Determining β(2)-Adrenoreceptor Genotype.

J C Dewar, A P Wheatley, I P Hall

Methods in Molecular Medicine

|February 12, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic variations in the beta-2 adrenoceptor (β(2)AR) are linked to asthma, allergies, hypertension, and obesity. This study details the allele-specific-oligonucleotide hybridization (ASO) method for genotyping these β(2)AR polymorphisms.

More Related Videos

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene

Published on: April 1, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Published on: June 7, 2016

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene

A Method to Study the C924T Polymorphism of the Thromboxane A2 Receptor Gene

Published on: April 1, 2019

Area of Science:

Pharmacogenetics
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Beta-2 adrenoceptor (β(2)AR) gene polymorphisms are investigated for their role in asthma and allergic diseases.
Recent studies suggest β(2)AR polymorphisms may also contribute to essential hypertension and obesity.
Understanding the genetic basis of these conditions is crucial for personalized medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the allele-specific-oligonucleotide hybridization (ASO) method for determining β(2)AR genotype.
To provide a detailed protocol for researchers studying β(2)AR polymorphisms.
To highlight the adaptability of the ASO technique for analyzing other candidate genes.

Main Methods:

Detailed description of the allele-specific-oligonucleotide hybridization (ASO) technique.
Application of ASO for genotyping β(2)AR polymorphisms.
Adaptation of ASO for analyzing single-base mutations in other genes.

Main Results:

The ASO method provides a reliable way to determine β(2)AR genotype.
The described ASO technique has been extensively used by the authors' group.
The method is versatile and can be applied to various genetic analyses.

Conclusions:

The allele-specific-oligonucleotide hybridization (ASO) method is effective for β(2)AR genotyping.
This technique is valuable for genetic research in asthma, hypertension, and obesity.
The ASO method offers a flexible approach for analyzing polymorphisms in diverse candidate genes.