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Updated: Jun 4, 2026
Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
Published on: May 17, 2024
Risk of recurrence following delayed large flap reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer
A E Isern1, J Manjer, J Malina
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Malmö, Sweden. anne.e.isern@ntnu.no
Background:
The aim of this retrospective matched cohort study was to evaluate the rate of recurrence among women with delayed large flap breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer. The recurrence rate among women treated at a single hospital was compared with that in an individually matched control group of women with breast cancer who did not have reconstruction after mastectomy.
Methods:
Between 1982 and 2001, 125 women with previous invasive breast carcinoma underwent delayed large flap breast reconstruction with pedicled musculocutaneous or microvascular flaps (a median of 32 months after mastectomy). They were matched individually with 182 women with breast cancer who had a mastectomy but did not undergo breast reconstruction. Matching criteria were year of diagnosis, age at diagnosis and treating hospital. Medical records were evaluated until October 2007. Histopathological specimens for all included women were re-evaluated. The endpoint was locoregional or distant breast cancer recurrence. The risk of recurrent disease was calculated using a Cox proportional hazards analysis, adjusted for established prognostic factors.
Results:
Median follow-up for the entire cohort was 146 months. The reconstruction group had a 2·08 (95 per cent confidence interval 1·07 to 4·06) times higher risk of recurrent disease than the mastectomy only group.
Conclusion:
Women with breast cancer who had delayed reconstruction with a large flap in this study had a higher risk of recurrent disease than those with mastectomy alone.