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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
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Functional brain imaging in schizophrenia: selected results and methods.

Gregory G Brown1, Wesley K Thompson

  • 1Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA. gbrown@ucsd.edu

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
|February 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Functional brain imaging reveals schizophrenia involves disordered brain circuitry and connectivity. Research highlights abnormal activation in sensory and non-sensory regions, impacting hallucinations and cognitive functions like working memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Schizophrenia research explores whether symptoms stem from localized brain region dysfunction or disrupted inter-regional connectivity.
  • Functional brain imaging studies investigate the neural underpinnings of both positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review functional brain imaging findings in schizophrenia, focusing on disordered circuitry and connectivity.
  • To synthesize research on the neurobiological basis of positive symptoms, such as hallucinations, and negative symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of functional brain imaging studies, including brain activation and functional connectivity research.
  • Meta-analytical approaches to assess findings across multiple studies, particularly for frontal cortex function.

Main Results:

  • Hallucinations involve abnormal activity in sensory and non-sensory brain regions, affecting emotional valence and reality discrimination.
  • Negative symptoms are associated with reduced frontal cortex blood flow/metabolism, though effects are modest.
  • Working memory tasks show significant frontal cortex activation, while other functions show smaller effects. Functional connectivity studies suggest impaired frontal-temporal connections.

Conclusions:

  • Functional brain imaging provides insights into schizophrenia's neurobiology, implicating both regional dysfunction and connectivity deficits.
  • Emerging trends include using imaging for neural compensation, genetic endophenotypes, and drug development biomarkers.
  • Continued research in functional brain imaging is crucial for developing a comprehensive neurobiological theory of schizophrenia.