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Related Concept Videos

Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

Types of Signaling Molecules

In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

Types of Signaling Molecules

In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.

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Related Experiment Video

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Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra
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Molecules, signaling, and schizophrenia.

Mirna Kvajo1, Heather McKellar, Joseph A Gogos

  • 1Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. mk2776@columbia.edu

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
|February 12, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how schizophrenia susceptibility genes like AKT, calcineurin, and DISC1 impact common intracellular signaling pathways, offering insights into the disorder's molecular basis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder with poorly understood molecular mechanisms.
  • Genetic factors are implicated, but common signaling pathways may underlie disease pathogenesis.
  • Intracellular signaling cascades are increasingly recognized as crucial in schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of schizophrenia susceptibility genes in intracellular signaling.
  • To focus on three key genes: AKT, PPP3CC (calcineurin), and DISC1.
  • To explore the convergence of these genes' effects on neuronal processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of evidence linking candidate genes to signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of gene regulation through protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation.
  • Examination of downstream signaling pathways and their connection to schizophrenia.

Main Results:

  • AKT and calcineurin regulate signaling cascades via phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.
  • DISC1 has recently uncovered functions in cAMP and GSK3beta signaling.
  • Evidence supports the involvement of these genes' downstream pathways in schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

  • Schizophrenia susceptibility genes impact common intracellular signaling pathways.
  • These pathways converge on neuronal processes relevant to schizophrenia.
  • Understanding these molecular mechanisms is vital for advancing schizophrenia research.