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Related Concept Videos

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the stimulus...
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...

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Somatosensory Event-related Potentials from Orofacial Skin Stretch Stimulation
06:56

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Published on: December 18, 2015

Sensorimotor integration in speech processing: computational basis and neural organization.

Gregory Hickok1, John Houde, Feng Rong

  • 1Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Hearing Research, Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. greg.hickok@uci.edu

Neuron
|February 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes a new model for sensorimotor integration in speech, highlighting the dorsal stream's role in speech production via state feedback control. It suggests motor influences on speech perception are modulatory, not essential.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Speech Science
  • Auditory and Motor Systems

Background:

  • Sensorimotor integration research highlights auditory involvement in speech production and motor involvement in speech perception.
  • Limited crosstalk exists between these complementary research areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an integrative model of the speech-related dorsal stream.
  • To elucidate the role of sensorimotor interaction in speech production and perception.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a state feedback control architecture for the speech-related dorsal stream.
  • Integrated concepts of forward sensory prediction for motor influence on perception.

Main Results:

  • Sensorimotor interaction primarily supports speech production.
  • Forward sensory prediction provides a mechanism for motor influence on perception.
  • Motor influence on speech perception is modulatory, not necessary.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model integrates sensorimotor functions in speech.
  • Discusses neuroanatomy and clinical correlates like conduction aphasia, stuttering, and schizophrenia.