Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Phylum Proteobacteria01:26

Bacterial Phylum Proteobacteria

Proteobacteria, one of the largest and most diverse bacterial phyla, encompasses a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria distinguished by their outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides. These microorganisms exhibit various metabolic capabilities, including phototrophy, chemolithotrophy, and heterotrophy, and thrive in diverse environments from soil to aquatic systems and host-associated niches. The phylum is divided into six classes: Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria,...
Cytoskeletal Proteins in Bacteria01:29

Cytoskeletal Proteins in Bacteria

Bacterial cells were initially considered simple, randomly organized structures lacking a cytoskeleton. However, the discovery of cytoskeleton homologs in bacteria led to the change of this opinion. Bacterial cytoskeletal filaments regulate the cell shape, cell polarity, cell division, and partitioning of plasmids during cell division. It was later discovered that bacterial cytoskeletal proteins, mainly actin and tubulin homologs, are diverse compared to their eukaryotic counterparts. On the...
Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes01:24

Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes

The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
Microbial Morphologies01:29

Microbial Morphologies

Bacterial and archaeal cells exhibit remarkable diversity in shape and structure, critical in their adaptability and functionality. Among bacteria, the most commonly observed shapes include cocci and bacilli. Cocci are spherical and may exist singly or in groupings such as pairs (diplococci), chains (streptococci), clusters (staphylococci), or tetrads. Bacilli, in contrast, are rod-shaped and can also occur as single cells, in pairs, or chains, depending on their environmental and genetic...
Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria01:30

Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria

Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
Three-Domain System of Life01:21

Three-Domain System of Life

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence analysis revealed three distinct groups of cells: eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea. In 1978, Carl R. Woese proposed the concept of domains, a taxonomic level above kingdoms, to differentiate these groups. He suggested that archaea and bacteria, despite their similar appearance, represent separate domains. Domains differ in rRNA, membrane lipid structure, transfer RNA, and antibiotic sensitivity.In this classification, animals, plants, and fungi belong to the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

High-Throughput LC-MS/MS Quantification of Eighteen Cannabinoids in Hemp Flowers with Baseline Separation of Structural Isomers.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Procedural Rigor and Reproducibility in NMR Metabolomics: Community Practices and Challenges.

Critical reviews in analytical chemistry·2026
Same author

The kinase inhibitor palbociclib binds to HIV TAR RNA with very low nanomolar affinity and exquisite specificity.

Nucleic acids research·2026
Same author

Dynamic Shifts in ER-Plasma Membrane Junctions Signaling Define Pro-Metastatic N-Glycosylation and Predict Prostate Cancer Progression.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Securing the Future of NMR Metabolomics Reproducibility: A Call for Standardized Reporting.

Analytical chemistry·2025
Same author

Protocols for Metabolomic Analyses to Assess Changes in Central Carbon Metabolism from Neural Tissue.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2025
Same journal

Integrative in silico analysis identifies functionally and regulatively relevant nsSNPs in the TRIB3 gene.

Computational biology and chemistry·2026
Same journal

MARS: Multi-anchor reasoning for reliable toxicity prediction under distribution shift.

Computational biology and chemistry·2026
Same journal

Zadeh-based fuzzy analysis of carreau tri-hybrid nanofluid hemodynamics in a straight artery with irregular triangular stenosis.

Computational biology and chemistry·2026
Same journal

Exploring C<sub>6</sub>N<sub>6</sub> as an effective drug delivery carrier for anticancer drugs mercaptopurine and thiotepa: A DFT and MD approach.

Computational biology and chemistry·2026
Same journal

Role of Artificial Intelligence in bioinformatics: Revolutionizing molecular docking and DNA tokenization.

Computational biology and chemistry·2026
Same journal

An interpretable framework for cancer drug response prediction using integrated drug and multi-omics data with a hybrid Bi-LSTM-GRU network.

Computational biology and chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
09:40

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Published on: June 11, 2015

Bacterial protein structures reveal phylum dependent divergence.

Matthew D Shortridge1, Thomas Triplet, Peter Revesz

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 68588-0304, United States.

Computational Biology and Chemistry
|February 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein structure evolution is explored by analyzing sequence and structure relationships across bacterial phyla. Despite distinct divergence rates, the relative drift between protein sequence and structure remains constant.

More Related Videos

Three-dimensional Imaging of Bacterial Cells for Accurate Cellular Representations and Precise Protein Localization
06:33

Three-dimensional Imaging of Bacterial Cells for Accurate Cellular Representations and Precise Protein Localization

Published on: October 29, 2019

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
08:03

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
09:40

Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins

Published on: June 11, 2015

Three-dimensional Imaging of Bacterial Cells for Accurate Cellular Representations and Precise Protein Localization
06:33

Three-dimensional Imaging of Bacterial Cells for Accurate Cellular Representations and Precise Protein Localization

Published on: October 29, 2019

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
08:03

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Structural biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Protein sequence space is vast, posing questions about how protein structures evolve.
  • Protein fold space is increasingly viewed as a continuum, suggesting homologous structures should drift at a constant rate relative to sequence changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between protein sequence divergence and structural drift.
  • To analyze homologous bacterial protein structures and sequences within the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) classification.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) system to annotate homologous bacterial protein structures from the Protein Data Bank (PDB).
  • Compared protein structures and sequences within each COG to determine their relatedness and evolutionary drift.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant structural divergence between bacterial phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria.
  • Each COG exhibited a unique sequence/structure relationship, indicating varied evolutionary pressures.
  • Demonstrated a constant relative drift rate between sequence identity and structure divergence across different COGs.

Conclusions:

  • Protein evolutionary pressures vary, leading to distinct sequence/structure relationships within different COGs.
  • The rate of structural drift relative to sequence changes is constant, supporting a continuum model of protein fold space.