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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Preparation and Applications of Organotypic Thymic Slice Cultures

Preparation and Applications of Organotypic Thymic Slice Cultures

Published on: August 6, 2016

T cell development critically depends on prethymic stromal patched expression.

Anja Uhmann¹, Jens van den Brandt, Kai Dittmann

¹Institute of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

|February 15, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Patched (Ptch) receptor is crucial for T cell development, acting as an extrinsic factor. Its absence blocks T cell specification at the earliest progenitor stage, impacting thymic homing.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Developmental Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

T cell specification is a complex process originating in the bone marrow.
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays roles in development, but its specific involvement in T cell lymphopoiesis is not fully understood.
Patched (Ptch) is a key receptor in the Hh pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the Hh receptor Patched (Ptch) in T cell development.
To determine whether Ptch functions intrinsically within hematopoietic cells or extrinsically within the microenvironment.
To elucidate the specific stage of T cell development affected by Ptch deficiency.

Main Methods:

Adoptive transfer of wild-type bone marrow (BM) into Ptch-deficient mice.
Transplantation experiments using BM deficient in the glucocorticoid receptor.
Generation and analysis of cell-type-specific knockout mice for Ptch.
Fetal thymus organ culture and thymus transplantation experiments.
Analysis of earliest thymic progenitors in Ptch-deficient mice.

Main Results:

T cell specification is blocked at the common lymphoid progenitor stage in Ptch-deficient mice.
Ptch expression in the nonhematopoietic compartment is essential for T cell development.
T cell development is independent of T cell-intrinsic Ptch expression.
Ptch expression by the thymus stroma is dispensable.
Ptch is required for the development or supply of thymic homing progenitors.

Conclusions:

Patched (Ptch) acts as an exclusive T cell-extrinsic factor necessary for T cell development at the prethymic stage.
This finding highlights the importance of the nonhematopoietic microenvironment in early T cell lymphopoiesis.
The results have implications for therapeutic strategies involving Hedgehog signaling inhibitors in diseases with aberrant Hh signaling.