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Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
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Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...

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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
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Published on: March 3, 2016

Scm3 is a centromeric nucleosome assembly factor.

Manjunatha Shivaraju1, Raymond Camahort, Mark Mattingly

  • 1Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|February 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Scm3 protein mediates the assembly of Cse4 nucleosomes at budding yeast centromeres. This essential process ensures proper kinetochore assembly and chromosome segregation during the cell cycle.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Faithful assembly of the Cse4 nucleosome at centromeres is crucial for kinetochore formation and chromosome segregation in budding yeast.
  • Scm3 protein is known to be required for Cse4 localization to centromeres, but its direct role in nucleosome assembly was uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Scm3 in the in vitro assembly of Cse4 nucleosomes.
  • To determine if Scm3's assembly activity is specific to Cse4 or also extends to canonical H3 nucleosomes.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro supercoiling assay to measure nucleosome assembly.
  • Analysis of Scm3 functional domains and their role in Cse4 nucleosome assembly.
  • Assessment of Cse4 localization and Scm3 assembly activity dependence on specific motifs.

Main Results:

  • Scm3 directly mediates the in vitro assembly of Cse4 nucleosomes, but not canonical H3 nucleosomes.
  • An evolutionarily conserved core motif in Scm3 is essential for both Cse4 localization to centromeres and its nucleosome assembly activity.
  • The centromere targeting domain of Cse4 is sufficient to confer Scm3-mediated assembly activity, independent of centromeric sequence.

Conclusions:

  • Scm3 plays an active and specific role in the assembly of Cse4 centromeric nucleosomes.
  • The findings highlight a conserved mechanism for centromeric nucleosome formation essential for chromosome segregation.