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Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...

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Correlates of protection against human rotavirus disease and the factors influencing protection in low-income settings.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins
11:40

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins

Published on: April 17, 2020

Rotaviruses: basic facts.

U Desselberger1

  • 1Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.

Methods in Molecular Medicine
|February 15, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rotaviruses cause severe gastroenteritis in children globally. A new tetravalent vaccine, based on live attenuated rhesus rotaviruses, offers a promising universal prevention method against this common viral infection.

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Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins
11:40

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins

Published on: April 17, 2020

Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
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Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses

Published on: April 4, 2019

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus
10:49

Assays for the Specific Growth Rate and Cell-binding Ability of Rotavirus

Published on: January 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Rotaviruses (RVs) are a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide.
  • Significant advancements have been made in understanding RVs' genome, structure, replication, pathogenesis, and epidemiology since their discovery 25 years ago.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on rotaviruses, including their characteristics and impact.
  • To highlight the development and potential of a new rotavirus vaccine for universal application.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of rotavirus research, encompassing virology, immunology, and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of the composition and basis of a newly licensed tetravalent rotavirus vaccine.

Main Results:

  • Extensive knowledge exists regarding rotavirus biology, disease patterns, and host immune responses.
  • A tetravalent, live-attenuated vaccine, derived from rhesus rotavirus (RRV), has been licensed in the United States.

Conclusions:

  • Rotaviruses remain a significant public health concern, particularly for young children.
  • The newly licensed tetravalent vaccine represents a major step forward in controlling rotavirus infections and may be widely applicable.