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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...
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Sensory Memory01:14

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Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This period is...
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Related Experiment Video

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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Short-term memory in autism spectrum disorder.

Marie Poirier1, Jonathan S Martin, Sebastian B Gaigg

  • 1Psychology Department, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom. m.poirier@city.ac.uk

Journal of Abnormal Psychology
|February 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit challenges in verbal short-term memory, specifically with remembering the order of items. This difficulty impacts both item and order memory recall in ASD participants.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive behaviors.
  • Verbal short-term memory, the ability to retain and manipulate information presented verbally, is crucial for language processing and cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate verbal short-term memory performance in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to neurotypical controls.
  • To differentiate between memory for item content and memory for item order in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments assessed verbal short-term memory using digit recall (forward/backward), immediate serial recall of unique word lists, and an order recognition task.
  • Participants included individuals with ASD and a comparison group.

Main Results:

  • The ASD group consistently demonstrated poorer performance across all three verbal short-term memory tasks.
  • Group differences were primarily attributed to difficulties in recalling the order of items, not the items themselves.
  • Individuals with ASD struggled to detect alterations in the temporal sequence of word lists.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with autism spectrum disorder exhibit significant impairments in verbal short-term memory, particularly in the domain of sequential order memory.
  • These findings suggest that deficits in temporal sequence processing contribute to broader challenges in verbal short-term memory observed in ASD.