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Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Headache.

Paul G Mathew1, Ivan Garza

  • 1Department of Neurology, Brigham and Womens Faulkner Hospital, John R. Graham Headache Center, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130, USA. PMATHEW@partners.org

Seminars in Neurology
|February 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers essential headache evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for primary headache disorders like migraine and tension-type headache. It highlights key history elements, physical exams, and warning signs for secondary headaches.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache
05:40

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache

Published on: July 29, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Headache is a frequent neurological complaint in outpatient settings.
  • Evaluating and treating headaches presents significant clinical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review essential elements of headache evaluation.
  • To outline diagnostic criteria for primary headache disorders.
  • To discuss treatment strategies for common primary headaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of headache-specific history taking.
  • Physical examination techniques for headache assessment.
  • Identification of warning signs for secondary headache disorders.
  • Application of International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd Edition (ICHD-2) criteria.
  • Overview of treatment for common primary headache disorders.

Main Results:

  • Essential headache evaluation includes history, physical exam, and recognizing red flags for secondary causes.
  • Diagnosis of primary headache disorders follows ICHD-2 guidelines.
  • Treatment focuses on common conditions like migraine, tension-type headache, and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias.

Conclusions:

  • A systematic approach to headache evaluation is crucial.
  • Accurate diagnosis based on ICHD-2 facilitates effective treatment.
  • Management strategies for common primary headaches are presented.