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Related Concept Videos

Social Loafing01:37

Social Loafing

Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated, individuals become less...
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
Nursing Evaluation01:15

Nursing Evaluation

The evaluation stage signals the end of the nursing process. The nurse gathers evaluative data to assess whether or not the patient has attained the expected results. Whereas the nurse collects data in the nursing assessment to identify the patient's health concerns, the evaluation stage data determines if the indicated health issues are resolved. Evaluative data collection includes two sections: the data acquired to evaluate patient outcomes and the time criteria for data collection.
Section...
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping02:05

Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping

People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about the way you...
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
09:44

Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients

Published on: April 12, 2011

The office evaluation of weakness.

Elliot L Dimberg1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA. Dimberg.Elliot@mayo.edu

Seminars in Neurology
|February 16, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Neurologists differentiate true neurologic weakness from fatigue and pinpoint its source. This guide focuses on evaluating neuromuscular causes of weakness, aiding accurate diagnosis and localization.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Weakness is a common complaint with diverse causes, including neurologic and nonneurologic conditions.
  • Distinguishing true neurologic weakness from fatigue is a critical first step in patient evaluation.
  • Accurate localization of the weakness's pathophysiologic site is essential for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a structured approach for the office-based evaluation of weakness.
  • To focus on neuromuscular causes of weakness, including muscle, neuromuscular junction, peripheral nerve, and anterior horn cell disorders.
  • To outline a localization-based diagnostic strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of general historical and examination clues for localizing weakness.

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Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly
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Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients
09:44

Manual Muscle Testing: A Method of Measuring Extremity Muscle Strength Applied to Critically Ill Patients

Published on: April 12, 2011

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly
08:25

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

  • Presentation of a localization-based evaluation framework.
  • Discussion of specific diagnostic recommendations for select disorders.
  • Overview of localization-specific laboratory, electrodiagnostic, imaging, and pathologic investigations.

    • Main Results:

    • The abstract outlines a systematic approach to diagnosing weakness.
    • It emphasizes differentiating neurologic weakness from fatigue.
    • It details methods for localizing weakness to specific parts of the neuromuscular system.

    Conclusions:

    • A systematic, localization-based approach is crucial for evaluating patients with weakness.
    • Understanding neuromuscular disorders is key to accurate diagnosis.
    • This framework aids neurologists in efficiently diagnosing the cause of weakness.