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Related Concept Videos

Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Published on: March 17, 2023

Urticaria and thyroid autoimmunity.

Marcello Bagnasco1, Paola L Minciullo, Giovanna S Saraceno

  • 1Terapia Medica e Radiometabolica, Dipartimento di Patologie Immunoendocrinologiche, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Genoa, Italy. bagnasco@unige.it

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|February 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is often linked to autoimmune thyroid diseases. Approximately 25% of CIU patients show thyroid autoimmunity, suggesting a connection that warrants further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) affects many individuals, with unknown causes in about 75% of cases.
  • A potential association between CIU and autoimmune thyroid diseases has been hypothesized for decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on the association between chronic idiopathic urticaria and autoimmune thyroid diseases.
  • To evaluate the evidence supporting the link between CIU and thyroid autoimmunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of multiple studies investigating the relationship between CIU and autoimmune thyroid conditions.
  • Analysis of serological evidence for thyroid autoimmunity in CIU patients.

Main Results:

  • Approximately one-fourth of patients with CIU exhibit serological evidence of thyroid autoimmunity.
  • Many studies examining this association lack robust controls, limiting definitive conclusions.
  • Current data does not correlate CIU with histological findings of autoimmune thyroiditis or hypothyroidism.

Conclusions:

  • Screening for thyroid autoimmunity in CIU patients is likely beneficial.
  • Further well-controlled studies are needed to confirm the association and explore potential therapeutic roles for L-thyroxine in managing urticaria symptoms.