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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
Published on: February 19, 2021
Painful and involuntary multiple sclerosis
Francesca Bagnato1, Diego Centonze, Simonetta Galgani
1Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science 1161 21st Ave. S. AA1105 MCN Radiology Department, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. francesca.r.bagnato@vanderbilt.edu
Introduction:
Pain, dysphagia, respiratory problems, sexual and cardiovascular dysfunctions may occur in patients with MS.
Areas Covered:
In the present review, we attempt to summarize the current knowledge on the impact pain, dysphagia, respiratory problems, sexual and cardiovascular dysfunctions have in patients with MS.
Expert Opinion:
To effectively manage MS, it is essential that these symptoms are recognized as early as possible and treated by a rehabilitative multidisciplinary approach, based on proven scientific evidence.
Insights
Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients experience various symptoms, including pain and dysfunction. Early recognition and multidisciplinary rehabilitation are crucial for effective management of these MS challenges.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Rehabilitation Medicine
Background:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with a range of debilitating symptoms.
- Commonly reported issues include pain, dysphagia, respiratory compromise, and sexual and cardiovascular dysfunctions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize current knowledge on the impact of specific symptoms in MS patients.
- To highlight the significance of pain, dysphagia, respiratory, sexual, and cardiovascular issues in MS management.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
- Existing research on MS-related symptoms was analyzed and summarized.
Main Results:
- The review consolidates information on the prevalence and effects of pain, dysphagia, respiratory problems, and sexual and cardiovascular dysfunctions in MS.
- Identifies key challenges faced by patients due to these symptoms.
Conclusions:
- Early identification of these symptoms is vital for effective patient care.
- A multidisciplinary, evidence-based rehabilitative approach is recommended for managing MS symptoms.
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