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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Defining awakening from anesthesia in neonates: a consensus study.

Matthew D Bould¹, Michael R J Sury

¹Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Paediatric Anaesthesia

|February 18, 2011

Summary

Experts reached consensus on a new definition for awakening in neonates after anesthesia. This scale, using specific behaviors and stimuli, aids in monitoring anesthesia depth and electroencephalographic data.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Neonatal Care
Pediatric Medicine

Background:

Developing a reliable tool to assess neonatal awakening post-anesthesia is crucial for evaluating anesthesia depth monitoring.
Existing scales for children and infants are not applicable to anesthetized neonates.
Expert consensus was sought to define awakening in this specific population.

Purpose of the Study:

To achieve expert consensus on a definition for awakening in neonates at the conclusion of anesthesia.
To establish criteria and stimuli for assessing neonatal emergence from anesthesia.

Main Methods:

A modified Delphi technique involving iterative questionnaires and anonymized feedback via email was employed.
Thirty-one consultant pediatric anesthetists from the UK and Ireland participated.
Consensus was predefined as 80% agreement among participants.

Main Results:

83% of experts agreed that defining neonatal awakening is feasible.
Consensus was achieved on six criteria, requiring a combination for assessment.
A proposed definition for awakening includes at least two of five behaviors (crying/attempting to cry, vigorous limb movements, gagging on tracheal tube, eyes open, looking around).
Consensus was also reached on three appropriate stimuli to test rousability: removal of adhesive tape, skin stimulation, and pharyngeal suction.

Conclusions:

A proposed scale for determining awakening in neonates after anesthesia is presented.
This scale can be utilized in future research, particularly for electroencephalographic and anesthesia depth monitoring in neonates.