Pitfalls in bone marrow pathology: avoiding errors in bone marrow trephine biopsy diagnosis

Area of Science:

• Histopathology
• Hematology
• Laboratory Medicine

Background:

• Bone marrow trephine biopsy is essential for diagnosing hematological disorders.
• Accurate interpretation relies on high-quality specimens and comprehensive clinical data.
• Effective diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary approach involving various medical professionals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the essential elements for accurate histological interpretation of bone marrow trephine biopsy specimens.
• To emphasize the importance of collaboration and systematic analysis in bone marrow pathology.

Main Methods:

• Systematic histological analysis of bone marrow trephine biopsy components.
• Integration of immunophenotyping and molecular testing when indicated.
• Correlation of histological findings with parallel bone marrow aspirate results.

Main Results:

• Specimen quality and complete clinical information are critical starting points.
• Optimal processing and appropriate investigations, including ancillary tests, are necessary.
• A structured approach to analyzing hematopoietic and stromal components aids in identifying abnormalities.

Conclusions:

• Accurate bone marrow biopsy interpretation necessitates collaboration among histopathologists, hematologists, and laboratory staff.
• Synthesis of histological, hematological, and clinical data is vital for definitive diagnosis.
• Adherence to best practices in specimen handling and interpretation minimizes diagnostic errors.