Interventional management of renal vascular origin hematuria

Several renal vascular pathological processes have been associated with hematuria. These include renal artery aneurysm (RAA), fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), renal nutcracker syndrome (RNS), renal arteriovenous malformation, renal vasculitis, and renal artery or vein thrombosis. We present an unusual case of hematuria in a patient eventually diagnosed with RAA, FMD, and RNS. Percutaneous therapy, including endovascular coiling, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and stent placement were used to address the underlying pathology. The differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, and surgical and interventional management of these renal vascular disorders are reviewed.