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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Electroencephalographic, Heart Rate, and Galvanic Skin Response Assessment for an Advertising Perception Study: Application to Antismoking Public Service Announcements
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Interventions for smokeless tobacco use cessation.

Jon Ebbert1, Victor M Montori, Patricia J Erwin

  • 1Department of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, Minnesota, USA, 55905.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|February 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Smokeless tobacco (ST) cessation may be improved with varenicline and behavioral interventions. Telephone counseling or oral examinations within behavioral interventions show promise for increasing abstinence rates.

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Published on: January 10, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Smokeless tobacco (ST) use is linked to nicotine addiction and severe health issues, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Long-term ST consumption poses significant public health risks, necessitating effective cessation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of behavioral and pharmacological interventions for smokeless tobacco (ST) cessation.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials on ST cessation treatments.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic search of multiple databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, etc.) was conducted up to October 2010.
  • Included randomized trials assessed behavioral or pharmacological interventions for ST cessation with at least six months follow-up.
  • Data were extracted independently, and results were summarized using odds ratios and fixed-effect models where appropriate.

Main Results:

  • Varenicline demonstrated potential for increasing ST abstinence rates in Swedish snus users (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.36).
  • Bupropion SR and nicotine replacement therapy (patch, gum, lozenge) did not show significant benefits in ST abstinence at six months or longer.
  • Fourteen trials of behavioral interventions showed varied results; those incorporating telephone counseling or oral examinations appeared more effective.

Conclusions:

  • Varenicline and behavioral interventions are potential aids for smokeless tobacco (ST) users seeking to quit.
  • Behavioral interventions that include telephone counseling or oral examinations are likely to enhance ST abstinence rates.