Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Circular Orbits and Critical Velocity for Satellites01:16

Circular Orbits and Critical Velocity for Satellites

The Moon orbits around the Earth. In turn, the Earth (and other planets) orbit the Sun. The space directly above our atmosphere is filled with artificial satellites in orbit. One can examine the circular orbit, the simplest kind of orbit, to understand the relationship between the speed and the period of planets and satellites with respect to their positions and the bodies that they orbit.
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) first suggested that the Earth and all other planets orbit the Sun in...
Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II01:12

Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II

The motion of a rocket is governed by the conservation of momentum principle. A rocket's momentum changes by the same amount (with the opposite sign) as the ejected gases. As time goes by, the rocket's mass (which includes the mass of the remaining fuel) continuously decreases, and its velocity increases. Therefore, the principle of conservation of momentum is used to explain the dynamics of a rocket's motion. The ideal rocket equation gives the change in velocity that a rocket experiences by...
Rocket Propulsion in Empty Space - I01:13

Rocket Propulsion in Empty Space - I

The driving force for the motion of any vehicle is friction, but in the case of rocket propulsion in space, the friction force is not present. The motion of a rocket changes its velocity (and hence its momentum) by ejecting burned fuel gases, thus causing it to accelerate in the direction opposite to the velocity of the ejected fuel. In this situation, the mass and velocity of the rocket constantly change along with the total mass of ejected gases. Due to conservation of momentum, the rocket's...
Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - II01:03

Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - II

A rocket's velocity in the presence of a gravitational field is decreased by the amount of force exerted by Earth's gravitational field, which opposes the motion of the rocket. If we consider thrust, that is, the force exerted on a rocket by the exhaust gases, then a rocket's thrust is greater in outer space than in the atmosphere or on a launch pad. In fact, gases are easier to expel in a vacuum.
A rocket's acceleration depends on three major factors, consistent with the equation for the...
Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - I01:20

Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - I

Rockets range in size from small fireworks that ordinary people use to the enormous Saturn V that once propelled massive payloads toward the Moon. The propulsion of all rockets, jet engines, deflating balloons, and even squids and octopuses are explained by the same physical principle: Newton's third law of motion. The matter is forcefully ejected from a system, producing an equal and opposite reaction on what remains.
The motion of a rocket in space changes its velocity (and hence its...
Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Space Medicine Association 75th Anniversary.

Aerospace medicine and human performance·2026
Same author

History of the Assured Crew Return Vehicle and Spaceflight Medical Evacuation.

Aerospace medicine and human performance·2025
Same author

The History of Surgical Care in Space Symposiums.

Aerospace medicine and human performance·2025
Same author

The Medical Disqualification of Deke Slayton.

Aerospace medicine and human performance·2024
Same author

Novel Megaptera novaeangliae (Humpback whale) haplotype chromosome-level reference genome.

Scientific data·2024
Same author

The Legacy of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project.

Aerospace medicine and human performance·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) Imaging Method
09:11

Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) Imaging Method

Published on: October 27, 2020

Sub-orbital commercial human spaceflight and informed consent.

Maria-Vittoria Carminati, Doug Griffith, Mark R Campbell

    Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
    |February 19, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Informed consent for commercial spaceflight participants is crucial for regulatory and liability reasons. Aerospace medical professionals must understand evolving regulations for sub-orbital flights.

    Area of Science:

    • Aerospace Medicine
    • Spaceflight Regulation

    Background:

    • Commercial spaceflight, including sub-orbital and orbital missions, is rapidly advancing.
    • Informed consent is a regulatory requirement for commercial spaceflight operators.
    • Aerospace medicine professionals are increasingly involved in the informed consent process for liability mitigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and discuss evolving federal and state regulations concerning informed consent for sub-orbital commercial spaceflight.
    • To inform aerospace medical professionals about the complexities of obtaining medical informed consent in this new domain.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current federal and state regulations pertaining to informed consent in commercial spaceflight.
    • Analysis of the role and responsibilities of aerospace medicine professionals in the informed consent process.

    More Related Videos

    Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform
    11:08

    Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform

    Published on: January 13, 2019

    Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology
    13:59

    Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

    Published on: November 13, 2014

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

    Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) Imaging Method
    09:11

    Assessment of Global Ocular Structure Following Spaceflight Using a Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) Imaging Method

    Published on: October 27, 2020

    Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform
    11:08

    Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform

    Published on: January 13, 2019

    Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology
    13:59

    Reduced-gravity Environment Hardware Demonstrations of a Prototype Miniaturized Flow Cytometer and Companion Microfluidic Mixing Technology

    Published on: November 13, 2014

    Main Results:

    • Regulations regarding informed consent for sub-orbital commercial spaceflight are dynamic and not widely understood by aerospace medical professionals.
    • Guidance is needed for aerospace medical professionals to effectively assist in obtaining informed consent.

    Conclusions:

    • Aerospace medical professionals play a vital role in ensuring informed consent for spaceflight participants.
    • A comprehensive understanding of evolving regulations is essential for compliance and participant safety in commercial spaceflight.