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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Regulatory T cells: Therapeutic Potential for Treating Transplant Rejection and Type I Diabetes
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T regulatory cells in allergy.

M Braga1, C Quecchia, E Cavallucci

  • 1Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. marinaetbraga@hotmail.com

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
|February 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T (Treg) cells maintain immune tolerance and prevent allergies by suppressing immune responses. Understanding Treg mechanisms offers new allergy prevention and treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Allergy Research
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Immune tolerance is a regulated process involving specific cells and molecules, not just a lack of reactivity.
  • T regulatory (Treg) cells are crucial for maintaining self-tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases and allergies.
  • Treg cells actively suppress immune responses to harmless environmental antigens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of Treg cells in allergic responses.
  • To highlight Treg-mediated suppression of T cell proliferation and cytokine production in allergy.
  • To explore Treg involvement in IgE production and allergic effector cell activity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on Treg cell function in allergy.
  • Analysis of Treg-mediated suppression of Th1 and Th2 responses.
  • Examination of Treg interactions with B lymphocytes and effector cells (eosinophils, basophils, mast cells).

Main Results:

  • Treg cells down-regulate allergen-specific T cell proliferation and inhibit Th1/Th2 cytokine production.
  • Treg cells suppress IgE production and inhibit allergic effector cells.
  • Treg cells are implicated in the chronicity of inflammatory diseases, such as airway remodeling in asthma.

Conclusions:

  • Treg cells play a vital role in the physiological immune response to allergens.
  • Treg cell mechanisms in allergy are key to developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting Treg cells holds promise for both allergy prevention and treatment of established allergies.