Imaging of non-atherosclerotic aneurysmal disease

Atherosclerotic aneurysms account for about 95% of all aneurysms. This overview concentrates on the 5% leftover, which however represents a heterogenic group of aneurysms with a wide range of different pathogenesis. Thus, therapy is not exclusively restricted to the exclusion of the aneurysm. In non-atherosclerotic aneurysmal disease various additional therapeutic strategies are included such as chemotherapy, anti-inflammatory therapy and embolisation procedures. Diagnosis, therapeutic decision making and even therapy itself to a growing extent depends on adequate (pretherapeutic) imaging and therefore radiologic expertise. This review describes the most common forms of non-atherosclerotic aneurysms and focuses on their pathogenesis, potential diagnostic approaches and therapy options.