Cardiac side effects of molecular targeted therapies: towards a better dialogue between oncologists and cardiologists

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Cardiology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Molecular targeted therapies (MTTs) are crucial in treating hematological and solid tumors.
• Certain MTTs are linked to significant cardiovascular adverse events.
• Cardiotoxicity from MTTs poses a serious clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the cardiotoxicity associated with molecular targeted therapies (MTTs).
• To emphasize MTTs targeting tyrosine kinases and their cardiovascular effects.
• To elucidate mechanisms and provide guidance on detection and management.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of MTT-induced cardiotoxicity.
• Focus on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).
• Analysis of underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms.

Main Results:

• MTT cardiotoxicity encompasses left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, arrhythmias, and hypertension.
• QT prolongation, a severe risk associated with angiogenic inhibitors, can lead to torsades de pointe and sudden death.
• Mechanisms involve disruption of signaling pathways crucial for cardiomyocyte function.

Conclusions:

• Understanding MTT cardiotoxicity mechanisms is vital for patient safety.
• Early detection and appropriate management strategies are essential.
• Further research is needed to clarify the incidence and reversibility of these cardiovascular events.