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Microalbuminuria in sickle cell disease.

R Y Aoki1, S T Saad

  • 1Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, SP, Brasil.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Medicas E Biologicas
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Microalbuminuria, an early sign of kidney damage, is common in sickle cell disease patients. This finding suggests microalbuminuria may indicate preclinical glomerular damage in sickle cell patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Hematology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Kidney involvement is nearly universal in sickle cell hemoglobin disorders.
  • Microalbuminuria, a marker of preclinical glomerular damage, is often asymptomatic.
  • Proteinuria in sickle cell anemia patients over 40 is linked to reduced creatinine clearance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with sickle cell disease.
  • To assess microalbuminuria using radioimmunoassay.

Main Methods:

  • Radioimmunoassay was used to measure urinary albumin excretion (UAE).
  • Study included 41 sickle cell anemia (SS), 11 hemoglobin SC (SC), 4 S beta-thalassemia patients, and 10 controls.
  • Subjects were teenagers or adults.

Main Results:

  • 40% of SS patients, 9% of SC patients, and 25% of S beta-thalassemia patients had UAE above normal (>30 mg/l).
  • No correlation was found between UAE and age, creatinine clearance, hemoglobin level, or %HbF.
  • No significant differences in these parameters or leg ulcers were noted between SS patients with and without elevated UAE.

Conclusions:

  • High prevalence of microalbuminuria in sickle cell disease indicates common glomerular damage.
  • Microalbuminuria may serve as an early indicator of preclinical glomerular damage in sickle cell disease.
  • This finding parallels observations in diabetic nephropathy, suggesting early disease detection.

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