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Related Concept Videos

Asexual Reproduction02:38

Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction allows plants to reproduce without growing flowers, attracting pollinators, or dispersing seeds. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent and produced without the fusion of male and female gametes.
Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic cell—any cell that is not a sex...
Reproductive Cloning01:27

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Plant tissue culture is widely used in both primary and applied science. Applications range from plant development studies to functional gene studies, crop improvement, commercial micropropagation, virus elimination, and conservation of rare species.
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The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual,  the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter telomeres than other...
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Seedless Vascular Plants Were the First Tall Plants on Earth

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Employing Aeroponic Systems for the Clonal Propagation of Cannabis
03:41

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Published on: December 1, 2021

Synthetic clonal reproduction through seeds.

Mohan P A Marimuthu1, Sylvie Jolivet, Maruthachalam Ravi

  • 1Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Hyderabad, India.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Scientists achieved asexual reproduction in plants by creating clonal seeds. This breakthrough enables indefinite propagation of hybrid plants, revolutionizing agriculture and crop development.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and reproductive biology
  • Agricultural biotechnology
  • Crop science

Background:

  • Sexual reproduction in major food crops limits the indefinite propagation of desirable hybrid traits.
  • Asexual reproduction via apomixis, which bypasses meiosis and fertilization, is not naturally present in key agricultural crops.
  • Developing methods for apomixis is crucial for revolutionizing plant breeding and seed production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer de novo apomixis in a model plant, Arabidopsis.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of producing clonal seeds from sexual plants.
  • To enable the indefinite propagation of vigorous hybrid varieties.

Main Methods:

  • Crossed Arabidopsis mutants (MiMe and dyad) producing diploid clonal gametes.
  • Utilized a modified plant strain with chromosomes engineered for elimination post-fertilization.
  • Analyzed progeny to identify and quantify clonal seeds.

Main Results:

  • Successfully produced seeds that were clones of the parent plant, with up to 34% of progeny being clonal.
  • Demonstrated the conversion of clonal gametes into viable seeds through genetic manipulation.
  • Confirmed that first-generation cloned plants can be further cloned, establishing a repeatable process.

Conclusions:

  • Achieved clonal reproduction through seeds in a typically sexual plant by manipulating conserved genes.
  • This method offers a pathway to propagate elite hybrid varieties indefinitely, transforming agriculture.
  • The manipulation of 2-4 conserved genes provides a targeted approach for developing apomixis in crops.